Midterm Two Review

Question 1

After a biking accident, Fatima severed the left side of her spinal cord. Today, she
was asked to hold an ice-cold can of coke in her right hand and a hot paper-cup of coffee in her left
hand. Which of the following will she NOT perceive?
A. The coldness of the ice-cold coke can
B. The warmth of the paper-cup
C. Smoothness of the metallic coke can
D. Pain from the heat of coffee cup
E. Both B. and D

Answer 1

A. The coldness of the ice-cold coke can

Left spinal cord is messed up remember we process stuff cross section therefore she cant feel or receive info from her right side

Question 2

A 20-year-old young man reported to his neurologist about problems with his eyes. An MRI scan revealed enlargement of the pituitary gland impinging heavily on the optic chiasm. Which of the following visual deficits is the young man likely to have?
A. Hemianopia (lose sight in half of the visual field)
B. Monocular blindness ( )
C. Heteronymous bitemporal hemianopia( )
D. Left homonymous hemianopia ( )
E. Right homonymous hemianopia ( )

Answer 2

C. Heteronymous bitemporal hemianopia ( )

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a sensory system?
A. Gustatory system
B. Proprioception
C. Vestibular system
D. Motor system
E. Olfactory system

Answer 3

D. Motor system

Question 4

Mutation in T1R1 taste receptors will lead to loss in perception of ___________.
A. Amino acids
B. Sweetness
C. Oiliness
D. Saltiness
E. Bitterness

Answer 4

A. Amino acids

Question 5

Lower motor units do not receive ________.
A. sensory input from skin
B. sensory unit from muscle spindle
C. sensory input from Golgi tendon organ
D. upper motor neuron input
E. spinal cord interneuron input

Answer 5

C. sensory input from Golgi tendon organ

Question 6

Which of the following ARE ototoxic?
A. Loud music and several antibiotics
B. Anxiety
C. NSAIDs (e.g., Ibuprofen) and Antibiotics
D. Lack of exercise
E. Loud music and greasy food

Answer 6

A. Loud music and several antibiotics

Question 7

Spot the odd one:
A. Ruffini’s endings
B. Meissner’s corpuscles
C. Pacinian corpuscles
D. Cones
E. Outer hair cells

Answer 7

D. Cones ( All other answers are part of the ear)

Question 8

Question 8: Optogenetics may be used to induce action potential firing. Which of the following areas would be a great target to induce some olfactory sensation in Ms. Brye who has lost her sense of smell after a callous laboratory exposure to nitric acid fumes?
A. Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), thalamus
B. Medial geniculate nucleus (MGN), thalamus.
C. Medial dorsal nucleus (MDN), thalamus.
D. Ventral posterior nucleus (VPN), thalamus.

Answer 8

C. Medial dorsal nucleus (MDN), thalamus.

Question 9

Question 9: The efferent fibers from the olfactory bulb arise from which of the following?
A. Granule cells
B. Periglomular cells
C. Mitral cells.
D. Tufted cells.
E. Both C and D.

Answer 9

E. Both C and D.

Question 11

Question 11: In light, which of the cells in the adjacent figure will
fire action potentials?
A. Cell 1
B. Cell 2
C. Cell 3
D. Cell 4
E. Cell 5

Answer 11

D. Cell 4 ( Remember: Only ganglion cells can fire an action potential, also pay attention in light therefore it will be the On cell ganglion which is cell 4)

Question 12

Question 10: In dark, which of the cells in the adjacent figure will release glutamate?
A. Cell 1
B. Cells 1, 2, and 4
C. Cells 1, 3, and 5
D. Cells 1, 4, and 5
E. Cells 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

Answer 12

C. Cells 1, 3, and 5

Question 13

Question 12: A 50-year-old man suffering from seizures complained that he was experiencing olfactory hallucinations of unpleasant smells (cacosmia). An MRI scan revealed the presence of a tumor in his brain. Which of the following choices is the most likely site of the tumor?
A. Olfactory lobe exclusively
B. Temporal lobe
C. Periaqueductal gray area (PAG)
D. Occipital lobe
E. Caudate nucleus

Answer 13

B. Temporal lobe

Question 14

Question 13: In the auditory pathway, where are inter-aural time differences computed?
A. The medial geniculate nucleus in thalamus
B. Ventral Cochlear nucleus
C. Dorsal Cochlear nucleus
D. Inferior colliculus
E. Superior olive

Answer 14

E. Superior olive

Question 15

Question 14: Which of the following is NOT involved with hyperalgesia?
A. Substance P.
B. Bradykinin
C. Prostaglandin
D. Histamine
E. None of the above

Answer 15

E. None of the above

Question 16

Question 15: Which of the following is the main channel for nociception?
A. Voltage-gated NMDA receptors
B. TRP-V1
C. TRP-V2
D. Mechanically gated potassium channels
E. Thermoception (heat sensing) receptors/channels

Answer 16

B. TRP-V1

Question 17

Mel has a lesion (cut) in the left dorsal column at C3 (cervical three) region of his
spinal cord. If Mel closes his eyes, which of the following will hold true for his perception?
A. He will be unable to feel the heat of a microwaved bag of popcorn placed in his right hand.
B. He will be unable to feel the heat of a microwaved bag of popcorn placed in his left hand.
C. He will be unable to identify the position of his left hand in space.
D. He will be unable to feel the pain from the prick of a thorn on his right palm.
E. He will be unable to feel the prick of a thorn (not the pain) on his right palm

Answer 17

C. He will be unable to identify the position of his left hand in spac

Question 18

Question 20: Which of the following events is elicited by the mechanical displacement of the
cochlear inner hair cell stereocilia towards the kinocilium and the tectorial membrane?
A. Influx of Na+ followed by outflux of K+.
B. Influx of K+ followed by outflux of Na+.
C. Influx of Na+ followed by influx of Ca++.
D. Influx of K+ followed by influx of Ca++ .
E. More than one of the above

Answer 18

D. Influx of K+ followed by influx of Ca++ .

Question 19

On their way to the BIO 170 Midterm II, a student grabbed a sandwich for lunch and ate it while enjoying its flavors. What sensory information is utilized to form ‘flavor’ perception of the sandwich?
A. Gustatory information from taste buds.
B. Olfactory information from olfactory bulb.
C. Tactile information from mechanoreceptors on their fingertips.
D. Visual information from their retina.
E. All of the above

Answer 19

E. All of the above

Question 20

Question 23: Occular dominance columns may be found in which of the following cortical layer(s) in V1?
A. Layers II and III
B. Layer IV
C. Layer V
D. Layer I and VI
E. None of the above

Answer 20

B. Layer IV

Question 21

Question 24: Which of the following can act as analgesia (pain numbing) in large quantities?
A. Glucose
B. Capsaicin (found in chili peppers)
C. Citric acid (found in lemon)
D. Substance P
E. Bradykinin

Answer 21

B. Capsaicin (found in chili peppers)