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Neurobiology > Midterm Terms > Flashcards

Midterm Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Ganglia

A

Concentration of cell bodies

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2
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Receive messages from other cells

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3
Q

What do Axon do?

A

passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscle or glands

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4
Q

what does the myelin sheath do?

A

Covers axon of some neurons & helps to speed neural impulses

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5
Q

What are bipolar neurons?

A

In special sense organs b/w receptors & other neurons
Has 2 proceses (dentritic & axon)

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6
Q

What are unipolar neurons?

A

Fused dendrite & axon
Most sensory neurons are unipolar

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7
Q

What are multipolar neurons?

A

2 or more dendrites & single axon
Most common neurons in CNS & all motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles

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8
Q

What do Oligodenrocytes do?

A

Located in CNS
Create myelin

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9
Q

What do Ependymal cells do?

A

Located in CNA
Lines internal cavities of brain & spinal cord
Produce & circulate CSF

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10
Q

What do microglia cells do?

A

Located in CNS
Macrophages, that phagocytize dead tissue, debris & pathogens
Concentrated at sites of trauma & injury
Carry out immune responses in CNS

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11
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

In CNS
Cover brain surface, provide framework for tissue
Contact capillaries to form blood-brain barrier
Regulate blood flow & composition of tissue fluid

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12
Q

What do Schwann cells do?

A

Located in PNS
Create myelin

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13
Q

What do satellite cells do?

A

Located in PNS
Insulate somas in ganglia of PNS

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14
Q

During the action potential, what happens when voltage gated K+ channel open?

A

K+ leaves the cell & membrane hyperpolarizes

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15
Q

At what location on a neuron does an action potential initiate?

A

Axon Hillock

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16
Q

What role does myelin play in controlling neuronal signaling>

A

Enhances speed of electrical signals along an axon

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17
Q

How is threshold reached?

A

Na+ enters a cell until voltage reaches -50mV

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18
Q

During an action potential, voltage gated Na+ channels are responsible for which voltage shift?

A

-50 mV to +35mV

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19
Q

A neuron is in the relative refacroty period when making which voltage shift?

A

-73mV to -68mV

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20
Q

During action potential, voltage gated K+ channels are responsible for which voltage shift?

A

+35mV to -73mV

21
Q

After threshold is reached, which ion channels open first?

A

Na+ channels, which let Na+ into the cell

22
Q

Which ion enters a neuron following glutamate binding to its receptor?

A

Na+, which depolarizes the neuron

23
Q

Which channels are responsible for producing local potentials?

A

Neurotransmitter-gated channels along dendrites

24
Q

Describe AMPA receptors

A

ionotrophic
Na
excitatory

25
Q

Describe DR 1&5

A

Metabotrophic
activates kinases that phosphorylate AMPA/NMDA (excitatory)
Phosphorylates CREB for plasticity

26
Q

Describe DR 2,3,4

A

Metabotrophic
Inhibits kinases that phosphorylate AMPA/NMDA (Inhibitory)
Prevents Phosphorylates of CREB for plasticity

27
Q

GABA A

A

Ionotrophic
Cl-
Inhibitory

28
Q

Describe GABA B

A

Metabotrophic
Activate Girk channel, inhibit Ca2+ channels
Inhibitory

29
Q

Ionotropic 5HT3 receptor

A

Serotonin receptor
Na
excitatory

30
Q

mACHR

A

Musacrinic Ach receptors
Metabotropic
Activate GIRK channel, inhibit Ca2+ channels
inhibitatory

31
Q

Metabotropic 5HT3 receptor

A

Metabotropic
Either activate/deactivate protein kinases, protein kinase then activate GIRK channel
inhibitory

32
Q

mGLUR 1 & 5

A

Metabotropic
Activates kinases that phosphorylate AMPA/NMDA
excitatory
Phorphorylates CREB for plasticity

33
Q

mGLUR 2 & 3

A

Metabotropic
activation of GIRK channels
inhibitory

34
Q

nAchR

A

Ionotropic
Na
excitatory

35
Q

NMDA

A

Ionotropic
Na & Ca
excitatory

36
Q

GlyR

A

Ionotropic
Cl-
inhibitory

37
Q

What portion of neuron releases neurotransmitter?

A

Axon terminal

38
Q

In which region of a neuron are most of its organelles, such as nucleus located?

A

Cell Body

39
Q

What is a reuptake transporter?

A

Pre-synaptic protein that allows neurotransmitters back into an axon terminal

40
Q

What is a ligand-gated ion channel?

A

Post synaptic receptor that directly generates electrical current

41
Q

What is a G-Protein coupled receptor

A

Post synaptic receptor that generates second messengers

42
Q

When an action potential reaches an axon terminal what generates electrical current?

A

Voltage gated calcium channels

43
Q

Post synaptic protein that directly control gene expression

A

CREB

44
Q

Enzyme that carries out phosphorylation

A

Kinase

45
Q

Protein attached to the axon terminal that controls docking & exocytosis of synaptic vesicle

A

SNARE

46
Q

Protein that degrades neurotransmitter within synaptic space

A

Hydrolytic enzyme

47
Q

Synaptic vesicle protein that docks vesicle to axon terminal

A

synaptobrevin

48
Q

Most neurotransmitters are derived from this type of molecule

A

Amino acid

Neurobiology (7 decks)

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