Midterm Terms Flashcards
Ganglia
Concentration of cell bodies
What do dendrites do?
Receive messages from other cells
What do Axon do?
passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscle or glands
what does the myelin sheath do?
Covers axon of some neurons & helps to speed neural impulses
What are bipolar neurons?
In special sense organs b/w receptors & other neurons
Has 2 proceses (dentritic & axon)
What are unipolar neurons?
Fused dendrite & axon
Most sensory neurons are unipolar
What are multipolar neurons?
2 or more dendrites & single axon
Most common neurons in CNS & all motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles
What do Oligodenrocytes do?
Located in CNS
Create myelin
What do Ependymal cells do?
Located in CNA
Lines internal cavities of brain & spinal cord
Produce & circulate CSF
What do microglia cells do?
Located in CNS
Macrophages, that phagocytize dead tissue, debris & pathogens
Concentrated at sites of trauma & injury
Carry out immune responses in CNS
What do astrocytes do?
In CNS
Cover brain surface, provide framework for tissue
Contact capillaries to form blood-brain barrier
Regulate blood flow & composition of tissue fluid
What do Schwann cells do?
Located in PNS
Create myelin
What do satellite cells do?
Located in PNS
Insulate somas in ganglia of PNS
During the action potential, what happens when voltage gated K+ channel open?
K+ leaves the cell & membrane hyperpolarizes
At what location on a neuron does an action potential initiate?
Axon Hillock
What role does myelin play in controlling neuronal signaling>
Enhances speed of electrical signals along an axon
How is threshold reached?
Na+ enters a cell until voltage reaches -50mV
During an action potential, voltage gated Na+ channels are responsible for which voltage shift?
-50 mV to +35mV
A neuron is in the relative refacroty period when making which voltage shift?
-73mV to -68mV
During action potential, voltage gated K+ channels are responsible for which voltage shift?
+35mV to -73mV
After threshold is reached, which ion channels open first?
Na+ channels, which let Na+ into the cell
Which ion enters a neuron following glutamate binding to its receptor?
Na+, which depolarizes the neuron
Which channels are responsible for producing local potentials?
Neurotransmitter-gated channels along dendrites
Describe AMPA receptors
ionotrophic
Na
excitatory
Describe DR 1&5
Metabotrophic
activates kinases that phosphorylate AMPA/NMDA (excitatory)
Phosphorylates CREB for plasticity
Describe DR 2,3,4
Metabotrophic
Inhibits kinases that phosphorylate AMPA/NMDA (Inhibitory)
Prevents Phosphorylates of CREB for plasticity
GABA A
Ionotrophic
Cl-
Inhibitory
Describe GABA B
Metabotrophic
Activate Girk channel, inhibit Ca2+ channels
Inhibitory
Ionotropic 5HT3 receptor
Serotonin receptor
Na
excitatory
mACHR
Musacrinic Ach receptors
Metabotropic
Activate GIRK channel, inhibit Ca2+ channels
inhibitatory
Metabotropic 5HT3 receptor
Metabotropic
Either activate/deactivate protein kinases, protein kinase then activate GIRK channel
inhibitory
mGLUR 1 & 5
Metabotropic
Activates kinases that phosphorylate AMPA/NMDA
excitatory
Phorphorylates CREB for plasticity
mGLUR 2 & 3
Metabotropic
activation of GIRK channels
inhibitory
nAchR
Ionotropic
Na
excitatory
NMDA
Ionotropic
Na & Ca
excitatory
GlyR
Ionotropic
Cl-
inhibitory
What portion of neuron releases neurotransmitter?
Axon terminal
In which region of a neuron are most of its organelles, such as nucleus located?
Cell Body
What is a reuptake transporter?
Pre-synaptic protein that allows neurotransmitters back into an axon terminal
What is a ligand-gated ion channel?
Post synaptic receptor that directly generates electrical current
What is a G-Protein coupled receptor
Post synaptic receptor that generates second messengers
When an action potential reaches an axon terminal what generates electrical current?
Voltage gated calcium channels
Post synaptic protein that directly control gene expression
CREB
Enzyme that carries out phosphorylation
Kinase
Protein attached to the axon terminal that controls docking & exocytosis of synaptic vesicle
SNARE
Protein that degrades neurotransmitter within synaptic space
Hydrolytic enzyme
Synaptic vesicle protein that docks vesicle to axon terminal
synaptobrevin
Most neurotransmitters are derived from this type of molecule
Amino acid
