Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Building Tech > Midterm Study BT > Flashcards

Midterm Study BT Flashcards

1
Q

Define Architectural Projection

A

describing the exact shape and size of an object (real or viewed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two categories of Architectural Projection (“real” and “viewed”)?

A

REAL AND VIEWED

NOT Pictorial and orthographic

Real” = Accurate to the exact size and shape of the subject
○ Can be Scaled and Measured to reproduce or construct the subject
○ Undistorted by Perspective
○ Flat individual views that do not show depth

“Viewed” = Show the object in 3 Dimensions
○ Two Categories of 3-d views: Perspective and Paraline (isometric/axon)
○ Perspective: Parallel lines converge on Vanishing Points, Distorted and not accurate to size and shape.
○ Paraline: Represents the subject in 3-d but can be measured and scaled accurately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the 3 types of Orthographic Drawings.

A
  1. Plan (cut and uncut) parallel to the ground
  2. Elevation (uncut) perpendicular to the ground
  3. Section (cut) perpendicular to the ground
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List 2 types of Pictorial Drawings.

A

Perspectival Projection
Paraline Projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of drawing is used to convey the spatial organization of a building?

A

Floor Plan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of drawing is used to show the shape of a building from the outside?

A

Elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of drawing is best to communicate the relationship between the outside and inside of a building?

A

cross-sectional drawing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of drawings is used to show how certain materials or components are assembled or joined?

A

assembly drawing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List these Drawings in order from General to Specific:
Wall Section
● Elevation
● Floor Plan
● Soffit Detail
● Site PLan
● Kitchen Floor Plan

A
  1. Site Plan,
  2. Floor Plan,
  3. Elevation,
  4. Kitchen Floor Plan,
  5. Soffit Detail.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Figurative Space and how does it represent the “Old” way of Building?

A

enclosed, defined, clear shape,
primary space

OLD: Support systems have evolved from massive
elements pierced at few locations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Free Space and how does it represent the “New” way of building?

A

Free space:
open, continuous, objects sit within
space.

New: Efficient primary structural systems (such as
steel and concrete frames) with lightweight frames
and sheathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a Structural System?

A

Are designed to withstand various loads and forces
that act upon the building
or
framework that supports the entire structure and ensures its stability under various conditions.
—

NOt important: The structural unit is the basic building block for the
structural system and spatial organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the difference between “Actual Structure” and “Conceptual Structure”?

A

ACTUAL STRUCTURE - CONSTRUCTION
(The means by which a building stands-up)

CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE - ORDER
(The means by which a building is ordered)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define Load Bearing Wall

A

supporting much of the weight of the overlying parts of a building or other structure.

or
a structural piece of a building that supports weight of building above it and transfers weight to foundation:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define Framing

A

Interconnected members that support vertical and
lateral loads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the Vertical elements called in Framing?

A

Walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the Horizontal elements in Framing?

A

joists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the difference between a Truss and a Beam?

A

Truss: A framework composed of linear members connected at
joints to form a triangle or other geometric shape. (Chord, Web, Slab, Heel

Beam:
A horizontal structural element that carries and
transfers loads to the vertical supports.
Typically made of Concrete, Steel, or Wood
Common beam types:
● Rectangular beams
● I-beams
● Box beams
● Composite
● Cantilever
● Continuous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Old way

A

Bearing Wall

● Enclosure & structure = integral
● Openings are interruptions in structure
● Building form extends to the ground
● Strong inside/outside separation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

New way -

A

Columns and beams

● Enclosure and structure = separate
● Openings are independent of structure
● Only structure must extend to the ground
● Flexible inside/outside separation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which way is more Authentic with Regard to Form and Materials?

A

OLD WAY

22
Q

Which way allows for more freedom and flexibility? Larger Spaces? Taller Buildings?

A

NEW WAY

23
Q

What is the portion of a building above ground?

A
  1. SUPERSTRUCTURE
24
Q

What is the portion of a building below ground?

A

SUBSTRUCTURE

25
Q

What must the Structure of a building be designed to Resist?

A

Loads?

26
Q

What is an influence that produces a change in the shape or movement of a body?

A

form follows function

27
Q

Static Loads

A

Definition: loads / forces applied slowly over time

28
Q

Static loads include what?

A

○ Dead Loads: act vertically downward & are constantly present
○ Live / Occupancy: temporary or moving loads acting vertically and horizontally
○ Snow / Rains loads: accumulated weight of snow or water on roof / surfaces
○ Soil loads: compaction exerted by the surrounding soil on the foundation on the structure
○ Impact loads: kinetic loads from sudden or transient forces. Considered b/c of “worse case scenario.” structure needs to account for
potential damage or failure.

29
Q

Dynamic Loads

A

Loads / forces applied suddenly, often with rapid change in magnitude and points of application.

30
Q

Dynamic loads include what:

A

○ Seismic loads: lateral forces that cause horizontal shaking (earthquakes or ground vibrations
○ Wind loads: exert pressure on exterior surfaces typically in a horizontal direction.

31
Q

Concentrated Loads

A

Definition: a force or weight applied to a specific point or a small area of a structure
○ Causes: localized stress or deformation on the buildings materials at these points
○ Columns support concentrated loads

32
Q

Distributed loads

A

Definition: a force or weight that is spread out over a larger area or along a continuous line
○ Load is more evenly distributed across structure
○ Reduces localized stress and minimizes failure opportunities
○ Bearing walls support distributed loads

33
Q

Static Loads & Dynamic Loads

A

Refer to the nature of the force

34
Q

Concentrated Loads & Distributed Loads

A

Refer to how the force or weight is applied to a structure.

35
Q

List 3 Examples of Structural Elements

A
  1. Column
  2. Beam
  3. walls
36
Q

What is a Span?

A

the horizontal distance between two supports of a structural component, such as a beam, floor, roof, or truss.

A spatial volume requires 2 or more vertically oriented
support planes.

37
Q

What is a Structural Grid?

A

Points and lines of support for a structural system
typically define a grid

38
Q

What is the difference between a ‘one-way span’ and a ‘two-way span’?

A
  1. ONE-WAY SPANNING SYSTEMS
    Transfer forces to a pair of supporting planes that
    are parallel to one another.
  2. TWO-WAY SPANNING SYSTEMS
    Transfers forces in two directions,
    two sets of supporting planes or columns
    perpendicular to each other.
39
Q

Define Enclosure

A

Physical component that separates
the interior from the exterior.
An environmental separator between conditioned and
unconditioned space.
The building enclosure: “SKIN” of the building

40
Q

What environmental elements and factors must be controlled?

A
  1. MASS - air, moisture, etc
  2. ENERGY - heat, sound, fire, light, etc.
41
Q

What are three key components of a building’s enclosure (envelope)?

A

● Walls
● Roof
● Floors/foundation
Not: ● Windows and Doors

Not even or
■ Moisture
■ Air
■ Thermal

42
Q

How is the envelope of a “New way of building” different from an “Old way of building”?

A

OLD: Massive elements (pierced at few locations)
NEW: Lightweight frames (primary structural system)

…

Since an envelope includes openings like doors/windows, walls, roofs etc.

A new way would be more flexible with more openings vs old ways of building.

Additionally:
an envelope includes: ● Walls ● Roof ● Windows and Doors ● Floors.

So one would be focused on integrality/enclosure/strength inside+outside. New is focused on separate/independent/Flexible inside+outside

43
Q

What are three type of Energy that should be controlled by the envelope?

A

heat, sound, fire, light, etc?

44
Q

What are four types of Mass that should be controlled by the envelope?

A

water, air, vapor, and thermal

45
Q

How is Reservoir Control different from Barrier Control?

A

Reservoir: works by storage, water and thermal

Barrier: Works by exclusion, air/vapor and water

46
Q

Enclosure’s Primary focus is what?

A

Capacity and efficiency when wetting and drying the building’s enclosure

47
Q

(4 D’s of Enclosure) include:

A

● Deflection: involves directing water away from the building
○ includes ultraviolet light, radiation, wind and fire
● Drainage: proving a clear path for water to travel
○ Common issue = ponding: accumulation of water on a flat or low-sloped surface
● Drying: process of removing excess moisture or water from the buildings materials, surfaces, or spaces.
● Durability: choosing appropriate materials based on their performance in certain environments and exposure rates.

48
Q

How is Layered Control different from Barrier Control?

A

Layered: works by rainscreen, (all three: air/vapor, water, thermal)

Barrier: Works by exclusion, air/vapor and water

49
Q

Continuous Insulation can prevent what type of energy transfer?

A

air/water control

50
Q

How does Ventilated Airspace help to improve durability?

A

removes moisture which prevents damage.

Building Tech (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions