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Building Tech > Final Study BT > Flashcards

Final Study BT Flashcards

1
Q

● Drawing Types are what?

A

Orthographic

  1. plan (cut and uncut) parallel to the ground
  2. elevation (uncut) perpendicular to the ground
  3. section (cut) perpendicular to the ground
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2
Q

Architectural Projections

A

describing the exact shape and size of an object (real or viewed)

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3
Q

2-d vs 3-d

A

2-dimensional drawing (orthographic: plan, section, elevation)
3-dimensional
○ perspective (distorted))
○ Isometric (proportional and scaled)

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4
Q

“Real” vs “Viewed”

A

“real” orthographic projection can be reliably measured.

“viewed” pictorial projection drawing shows object’s overall shape and details in a single view, (No true sizes)

Pictorial Sub categories:
1. perspectival projection
2. para line projection

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5
Q

REAL AND VIEWED

A

Real” = Accurate to the exact size and shape of the subject (orthographic)
○ reliably Scaled and Measured
○ Undistorted by Perspective

“Viewed” = shows object’s overall shape and details in a single view, (No true sizes). (Pictorial)
○ Two Categories of 3-d views: Perspective and Paraline (isometric/axon)
○ Perspective: Parallel lines converge on Vanishing Points, Distorted and not accurate to size and shape.
○ Paraline: Represents the subject in 3-d but can be measured and scaled accurately

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6
Q

Three types of perspectival projection

A

○ one point perspective: all lines converge on one point, (lines parallel to each other)
○ two-point perspective: all lines that converge on one of two points, no lines run perpendicular
○ three-point perspective: uses three vanishing points to make objects appear to recede or converge.

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7
Q

● Drawing Conventions:
Line weights

A

line weights:
○ Heavy lines: major elements like walls, and boundaries.
○ Medium lines: secondary elements like doors, and windows.
○ Light lines: minor details, hatching

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8
Q

● Drawing Conventions Linetypes

A

○ Solid lines: visible edges, boundaries
○ Dashed lines: hidden elements, overhead features
○ Hidden lines: non-visible edges or elements

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9
Q

● Organization of a drawing set

A

general plans -> enlarged plans
-> wall sections -> details

○ floor plan: general layout
○ wall section: detailed view of wall construction
○ Detail drawing: Specific construction details, such as window

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10
Q

What is the difference between “Actual Structure” and “Conceptual Structure”?

A

ACTUAL STRUCTURE -
(The means by which a building stands-up)

CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE -
(The means by which a building is ordered)

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11
Q

OLD WAY

A

Bearing Wall

● Enclosure & structure = integral
● Openings are interruptions in structure
● Building form extends to the ground
● Strong inside/outside separation

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12
Q

NEW WAY

A

Columns and beams

● Enclosure and structure = separate
● Openings are independent of structure
● Only structure must extend to the ground
● Flexible inside/outside separation

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13
Q

Figurative space?

A

Figurative space: old way
○ enclosed, defined, clear shape, primary space.

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14
Q

Free Space?

A

Free space: new way
○ open, continuous, objects sit within space

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15
Q

What is a Bearing wall

A

a wall that supports the weight of the building above it and transfers that weight to the foundation

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16
Q

BEAM

A

Beam:
A horizontal structural element that carries and
transfers loads to the vertical supports.
Typically made of Concrete, Steel, or Wood

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17
Q

COLUMN

A

Column;
a vertical structural element that supports the building’s load and transfer into the foundation

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18
Q

○ How do bearing walls, columns and beams support the loads

A

Bearing walls support the load to the foundation while column and beams provide support

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19
Q

○ How do bearing walls, columns, and beams enclose the building

A

Bearing walls completely enclose a space while columns and beams can leave openings

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20
Q

○ How are bearing walls, columns, and beams organized

A

Bearing walls are perpendicular above foundation columns are considered vertical while beams are horizontal

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21
Q

○ How openings are formed in bearing walls, columns, and beams

A

Bearing walls; CAN’T be removed

Columns and beams; CAN be removed

22
Q

SUPERSTRUCTURE

A

the portion of a building above ground

23
Q

SUBSTRUCTURE

A

the portion of a building below ground

24
Q

STATIC Loads

A

Definition: loads / forces applied slowly over time

25
Q

DYNAMIC Loads

A

Loads / forces applied suddenly, often with rapid change in magnitude and points of application.

(includes;
○ Seismic loads: lateral forces that cause horizontal shaking (earthquakes or ground vibrations
○ Wind loads: exert pressure on exterior surfaces typically in a horizontal direction.

26
Q

Concentrated loads

A

Definition: a force or weight applied to a specific point or a small area of a structure
○ Causes: localized stress or deformation on the buildings materials at these points
○ Columns support concentrated loads

27
Q

Distributed loads

A

Definition: a force or weight that is spread out over a larger area or along a continuous line
○ Load is more evenly distributed across structure
○ Reduces localized stress and minimizes failure opportunities
○ Bearing walls support distributed loads

28
Q

Enclosure/Envelope

A

3 key components:
● Walls
● Roof
● Floors/foundation

29
Q

● Enclosure separates the — from the — space

A

Enclosure separates the CONDITIONED from the UNCONDITIONED space

30
Q

Elements that need to be controlled by the envelope

A

Energy: heat, sound, fire, light, etc
Mass: water, air, vapor, and thermal

31
Q

Old vs new way control methods

A

OLD: Support systems have evolved from massive elements pierced at few locations
NEW: Efficient primary structural systems (such as steel and concrete frames) with lightweight frames and sheathing.

32
Q

(4 D’s of Enclosure) include

A

● Deflection: involves directing water away from the building
○ includes ultraviolet light, radiation, wind and fire
● Drainage: proving a clear path for water to travel
○ Common issue = ponding: accumulation of water on a flat or low-sloped surface
● Drying: process of removing excess moisture or water from the buildings materials, surfaces, or spaces.
● Durability: choosing appropriate materials based on their performance in certain environments and exposure rates.

33
Q

“Perfect Wall”

A

It is an advanced way of insulating, air sealing, and keeping air and water vapor out of buildings

34
Q

Relationship between architecture and site

A

○ PHYSICAL
- Climate -Lot Dimensions -Physical Context
○ CULTURAL
-cultural context -site-specific characteristics
○ SOCIAL
-Age, Race, and Gender - Significant Cultural Factors - Historically Significant factors related to Site and Culture

35
Q

Weather vs. Climate

A

Weather-
short term atmospheric conditions
Climate-
long term weather patterns that exist in a particular area.

36
Q

Topography (LOOK AT PICTURES

A

○ Surface
A perfectly flat plane

○ Contrours
Lines which connect points of equal evaluation

○ Spot Elevations
Points that indicate how far above or below sea level a point is

○ Grade
The slopes of existing physical features

○ Ridge
Long, narrow, and elevated landform

○ Valley
Elongated low areas often running between hills and mountains

○ Peak
The highest point of a surface

○ Slope
The way a surface rises or lowers

○ Depression
The way a surface decreases

37
Q

Property and regulation

A

○ street right-of-way
Area of land reserved for public use
○ Zoning
municipal or local laws and regulations that govern how real property can and cannot be used
○ Set-backs
area setback from property lines on which cannot be built habitable structures
○ Easements
The right or privilege of using something not one’s own
○ allowable site coverage
The part of the net site area covered by buildings
○ max. Building height
The maximum height a building can be
○ covenants
A mutual agreement between two or more persons to do or refrain from doing certain acts

38
Q

sun path

A

○ Summer Solstice
-Longest Day of the year June 21

○ Winter Solstice
-Shortest Day of the year

○ Horizon
-Path the sun takes across the sky
○ Altitude
-the angle of the sun relative to the Earth’s horizon, and is measured in degrees
○ Solar Heat Gain
-Increase in thermal energy of a space

39
Q
A

Wind
○ Air Movement
air flows from areas of high pressure to low pressure

○ Direction
due to inertia, it continue to move same direction even when it meets an object

○ Velocity
air velocity is slower near the ground and dependent on the terrain

○ Temperature
air is in movement (wind) and always changing temperature.

40
Q

Plants

A

Physical environment of the site:
-soil conditions
- available sunlight
- available precipitation
- seasonal temperature range
- wind conditions

Trees will block Sun, Sound, Wind, Views

41
Q

Climate Zone Impacts

A

○ Orientation
What type of place is it, tropical, temperate, dry, continental, and polar
○ Envelope
The type of climate shows you what building envelope you should use

42
Q

○ Environmental Control

A

MASS - air, moisture, etc

ENERGY - heat, sound, fire, light, etc.

43
Q

Passive systems:

A

Creating a comfortable and energy-efficient living environment

44
Q

Extraction, Manufacturing, Transportation, Construction, Operation, Demolition does what?

A

Creates pollution= bad enviroment

45
Q

Adaptive Reuse

A

The process of reusing an existence building for a purpose other than what it was originally built or designed for

46
Q

Centralized vs. Distributed Systems:

A

centralized systems have­ a single, central point of control, (like a hub controlling all the­ activities)

In a distributed syste­m, different parts of a computer syste­m are located on differe­nt computers or devices that are­ connected togethe­r

47
Q

Sanitary Sewer

A

-tunnel system for removing sewage

48
Q

Rainwater:

A

Designed to drain excess rain and surface water from impervious surfaces such as streets, sidewalks, parking lots, and roofs

49
Q

Lighting Types

A
  • Direct - Indirect - Architectural - Decorative
50
Q

Fixture Types

A
  • Recessed (Down Lights)
    -Surface
    -Linear
    -Sconces (Wall Mounted)
  • Chandelier (Suspended/Hanging)

Building Tech (4 decks)

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