Midterm Review: WWII Flashcards
British Declaration of War
1939- Sept 3: Germany invade Poland
Canadian Declaration of War
1939- Sept 10; Ties with Britain & pride of a new found nation
British Commonwealth Air Training Program (BCATP)
Training plan in Canada for war effort to remain
Total war
all of the nation’s industry and efforts should go towards the war
C.D Howe
known as the Minister of Everything; gear up economy to meet wartime demands
Crown corporations
Government owned (prevent bureaucracy)
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy (1939), Japan
Phoney war
The phoney war was the 6 months before active fighting began as all sides mobilized and positioned their forces
Blitzkrieg (lightning war)
1940 Germany -> Denmark & Norway
- German panze (tanks) lightning speed crash thru enemy lines
- war planes bombed
- soldiers cut of communication
Defenders: ??? and surrounded
Dunkirk
1940- Allied surrounded @ Dunkirk (French port) -> Allies escaped on boats/ferries/ships to Britain (1944 come back with America and win war)
Battle of Britain
- Radar
- Fight defense planes effective
- Joint with commonwealth
- > Hitler have up
Operation Sea Lion
Germany invasion of Britain
-German air force bombing raids (the Blitz) bomb civilians for 55 nights
Lend Lease
“Mutual Aid”, supplying its allies with 4 billion dollars worth of war materiel
Luftwaffe
German air force
Operation Barbarossa (red beard)
Invasion of USSR
Why? Hitler suspicious
- Surprise attack by Germany (stop due 2 cold winter)
- Germany attack again for oil fields (stop again- surrender)
- Soviets retake territory 1944
Pearl Harbor 1941
Japan bombed to cripple naval forces (keep US from interfering w/ military action
-> Caused US to join WWII
Hong Kong 1941
HK fell to Japan; All Canadian soldiers killed/ imprisoned
Dieppe Raid
FAIL! Experimental raid on French port of Dieppe
Goal: 4 attacks b4 sun, 1 main attack
Outcome: Ship met with Germany convoy, ships delayed, poor communication, tanks trapped on beach= FAIL :(
Battle of the Atlantic
Britain depend on Can & US for food & military supplies -> Ships sunk by U-Boats in Atlantic
Corvette
Canadian small warships; escort convoys, quick small, not seaworthy
Wolf Pack
Hundreds of German U-Boats sink da supplies
Atomic Bomb
Little Boy; Hiroshima= BOOM! -> 3 days later another bomb dropped
Enigma
Coding machine by Germans: Converted radio messages into code so that they could not be understood by the enemy.
Radar
radio waves to detect objects beyond vision; tells distance, position, size, shape, direction, and speed
Jet Plane
Could fly higher and faster than propeller-driven planes
Royal Canadian Navy
Provide 1/2 of escort
Royal Canadian Air Force
1/4 (10k) lost lives; Allies had bombing raids aimed at destroying German industry
Bomber command
attack the enemy’s own military strength - by bombing their airbases, shipping, troops, communications and all industries
Invasion of Italy
Churchill saw Italy as “the soft underbelly of Europe.” -> Success!
Ortona
The Canadians experienced house to house combat against the Nazi’s in Ortona.
D-Day
June 6, 1944; Operation Overlord
Operation Overlord
Invasion of Europe; Air attacks followed -> paratroops
Juno Beach
30k+ Canadian soldiers; obstacles (wires/barriers)
Outcome: Lower amount of death/wounds than expected
Sword, Gold, Omaha, Utah
Operation Overlord codenamed beaches
Liberation of Holland
Germany destroy port cities & flood country side; Canada attack; high casualties -> surrounded Germany; Canada give food & seen as heroes!
Holocaust
Death camps! everybody dead; Zyklon-B gas!
Final Solution
plan to rid their society of all people they considered undesirable
Auschwitz
Death Camp in Poland
Manhattan project
US top-secret plan to develop a nuclear bomb
Canadian uranium
important component of the bomb, produced @ Eldorado mine at Great Bear Lake, NWT. Canada sekretly buy
Hiroshima
Fat Man; 70k killed 130k wounded
Wartime Price and Trade Board
1941: Froze all wages and princes to prevent inflation- James Ilsley
Unemployment Insurance
1940: created by King; temporary financial assistance to Canadians
Family Allowance
Program developed by King; help families cover cost of child car
War Measures’ Act
1942: Jap-Can in BC ->Okanagan Valley (relocation centers)
National Resources Mobilization Act
- Gave gov. emergency power to mobilize RESOURCES
- conscription, ONLY for home defense
Conscription Plebiscite 1942
Vote to remove promise regarding conscription; Majority (Y) -except Quebec
Conscription Crisis 1944
“conscription if necessary, but not necessarily conscription”
Japanese-Canadians internment
Isolated internment camps detained w/o trail until end of war
Enemy alien
Jap-Canadians
Role of women
Women’s Royal Canadian Naval Service; wireless operators,coders, drivers, and operational plotters
Rationing
controlled distribution of resources and scarce goods or services: restricts how much people are allowed to buy/consume
