Midterm Review: Cold War Flashcards
Igor Gouzenko
Provided evidence that spy ring was present; Russian
Cold War
Didn’t erupt into open (hot) war; 40 years
Superpower
Soviet Union & US; capable of mass destruction
Capitalism
Country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
1949: Canada US Britain, West Europe -> Joined military alliance; missile silos designed to shoot down incoming missiles.
Warsaw Pact
1955: Soviet Union felt threatened by NATO (made up of East Europe to protect themselves & Soviet Union from attack
Berlin Wall
symbol of the Cold War and the tensions that divided East from West
John F. Kennedy
US President; involved in
- Cuban Missile Crisis
- Berlin Wall
- Vietnam War
NORAD (North American Air Defense)
Canadian & US agreement; Joint control
DEW line (Distant early warning
Built in Arctic; detect surprise attack by Soviets -> so US can launch counter attack
Bomarc missile
Nuclear war heads (Given for protection US-> Canada)
United Nations
1945: Delegates from 51 countries -> security
UN charter
- condemn the aggressor through speeches and resolutions
- use economic sanctions, urging members not to trade with the aggressor
- respond militarily by sending in an armed force
Security Council (Canada’s role)
Big Five; Canada= top non-permanent member
UN General Assembly
Debates on world issues; made of representative of all member states (have 1 vote) Make important decisions (peace, security)
Veto power
Right to reject any actions they disagreed with
WHO (World Health Organization)
Created by UN; pledged to bolish disease and
famine and to protect human rights
UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund)
Same as WHO: Created by UN; pledged to bolish disease and famine and to protect human rights
IMF(International Monetary Fund)
Stabilize economy by helping countries in debt & collapse in currency
Korean War
North/South -> @ UN, Lester Person persuade all sides to ceasefire
Louis St. Laurent
Liberal PM; denounced British and French intervention and refused to support during Cuban Missile Crisis + Refused to outlaw communism
Suez Crisis
Suez Canal (Egypt took over canal; Israel); PM Laurent stay out of affairs
UNEF (United Nation Emergency Force)
Lester Pearson planned UN Emergency Force to break conflict; Suez Crisis (countries not directly involved in conflict)
Peacekeeping
negotiating settlements and keeping warring factions apart.
Lester Pearson
Canada’s Minister of External Affairs
Nobel Peace Prize
Lester Person efforts in defusing Suez Crisis
Avro Arrow
Supersonic Jet aircraft; project rejected& canceled
John Diefenbaker and the Cuban Missile Crisis
PM Diefenbaker disinclined to have Canada give attention to conflict.
-Refused to place Canada’s NORAD forces on alert & didn’t allow US planes w/atomic weapons on Canadian bases -> Survey (N)
Cuban Missile Crisis
1959: Cuba rebels overthrew Cuba’s Pro US leader
- Soviet Premier refused to take away missiles
- US ready with bombs
- > Agreement: dismantle; if US won’t invade Cuba
Vietnam War
North/South; US fear communism spread in Asia
- Saw communist as treat to western society
- PM Pearson criticize US bombing campaign
- Anti-war protesters -> 1969: LEFT
Pierre Trudeau and foreign policy (middle power)
Peace on Earth! Build links between N,E,S,W; Aid the poor
Francophonie
French-speaking organization; former colonies of France
CIDA aka Tied Aid
Foreign aid to less industrialized countries; must but products from Canada
Colombo Plan
- Canada allowed overseas students; sent experts to 4 assist
- primarily concerned with former colonies and dominions of the British Empire
Salt I & II
Long term Treaty which limited offensive weapons (# of regulations regarding missiles)
Cyprus (peacekeeping)
Civil War; Sent troops until 1993; topped when UN demanded
Brain Mulroney and foreign affairs
Conservative leader; PM
- Close relationship with US President
- Defense shield orbit around Earth (Star War/SDI)
Free Trade Agreement
Canada & US; remove tariffs on goods, boarder crossing, US Can investments.
Foreign Investment Review Agency (FIRA)
1973- Trudeau; Block investments not seemed in Canada’s interests
NAFTA
Free trade with Mexico
-Fear: Move to Mexico (less strict)
Mikhail Gorbachev, Perestroika & Glasnost
Soviet leader (cannot keep up with arms race) allowed freedom of speech; (reconstruction/ openness) Encouraged countries to reform
Fall of Communism
economic, social, and political reforms
Gulf War 1991
Operation desert storm (Iraq); -> New world order
-George Bush: UN = Global police (peace keeping,take role under US- world affairs)
Rwanda
Canadian Major General Romeo Dallaire
- Africa (need support & speed from US)
- > US :/ -> 1994 Almost 1mil ded in Africa :(
Somalia
civil war & starvation :( East African need aid
- Canada & US distribute food & supplies
- SHAME to Canada; officers tortured and beaten teen
Globalization
PM Jean Chretien: expand trading opportunity
Team Canada- missions secure deals for investments & exports
OPEC
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries;
Raised oil prices worldwide and then blocking oil entirely
Jean Chretien
Liberal; signed NAFTA-1994 (Globalization)
“Asian Tigers”
1990’s: Canada’s economy suffered b/c Asian lumber, mineral, food declined
2000’s: Recovery; had doubts regarding stablility
George W. Bush
US President; New World Order
Bosnia
Serbian vs Albanian
ethnic wars: UN Canadian no keep peace
- Threaten with NATO -> ceased fire
Kosovo
Diplomatic efforts failed to stop Serbian aggression-> NATO attack!
Criticized: Not to interfere with domestic affairs of a sovereign nation
Canadian refugee policy
Accept refugees; stop discrimination.
