Midterm Review (Chapters 1-22) Flashcards
When was the first colony established in North America and where?
1607, Jamestown Virginia
Which country had colonized the greatest area in the 1500s?
Spain
Who is considered the “Fathe rof the tobacco industry” and was married to Pocahontas?
John Rolfe
What was the name of the representative self government the English colonists created in 1619?
House of Burgesses
What was passed in 1641 that denied fundamental rights to slaves?
Barbados Slave Codes
What was the original purpose of the Georgia colony?
To act as a buffer colony to protect the Carolinas from the Spanish.
How does the Protestant Reformation begin?
1517: Martin Luther nails his written protest against Catholic doctrines tot he door of Wittenberg’s Cathedral.
Why is the Protestant Reformation important to US History?
Because the Protestand Reformation produced Puritanism.
Where and when did the Mayflower land in the US?
1620 in Plymouth Bay, Massachusetts.
(Definition) Simple agreement to form a crude government and to submit tot the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon.
Mayflower Compact
In what year did the first Thanksgiving take place?
1621
Who was the Massachusetts Bay Colony’s first governor?
John Winthrop
What religious group formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
The Puritans.
Puritans believed the entire purpose of government was what?
To enforce God’s laws.
(Person) Popular minister in Salem with radical ideas. Extreme separatist. Wanted to break from the Church of England.
Roger Williams
In 1635, Williams is found guilty of what, and what was his punishment?
He was found guilty of disseminating “new and dangerous opinions” and was ordered banished from the Bay Colony.
Where does Roger Williams flee to after being banished from the Bay Colony?
Rhode Island.
What key feature does Rhode Island have in 1636?
Complete religious freedom, even for Jews and Catholics.
What colonies make up the New England Confederation, which was formed in 1643?
The Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, and New Haven Colony.
What country helped Netherland win its independence from (Catholic) Spain?
England.
What was New York City originally called and who founded it?
New Amsterdam, Henry Hudson.
(Definition) Vast feudal estates fronting the Hudson River.
Patroonships
What new religious group formed because they refused to support the Church of England with taxes and were a group of simple, devoted, democratic people?
The Quakers
Who founded Pennsylvania?
William Penn
In what year was Pennsylvania established?
1681
What were laws called that prohibited stage plays, playing cards, dice, games, and excessive hilarity in Quaker Pennsylvania?
Blue Laws
What four states were considered the “middle colonies”?
New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania
Who lead the 1676 rebellion of 1,000 Virginians?
Nathaniel Bacon
Where did plantation owners turn to when indentured servants from England were no longer a viable option?
Africa
What colonies were the most populous in 1775 (there are 5)?
Virginia, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Maryland
For what reasons did German immigrants flee to the US?
Religious persecution, economic oppression, and war.
Where did most Germans settle in the US?
Pennsylvania
Where did the majority of the Scots and Irish move to in the US in 1775?
Pennsylvania
`Tobacco was a less physically demanding crop than what other two crops commonly grown in the US?
Rice and indigo
How many people died in the 1712 New York Slave Revolt?
30
In what year was the first medical school established in the US?
1765
(1733) Passed by Parliament in an effort to squelch the North American trade with the French West Indies.
Molasses Act
What college was formed in 1693?
College of William and Mary
The First Great Awakening, which began in Northampton, MA, occurred during what decades?
1730s and 1740s
(Name the trial) 1734-1735, this case opened the door for freedom of the press.
Zenger Trial
(Definition) French Protestant dissenters that were granted limited toleration under the Edict of Nantes.
Huguenots
(Definition) Grants limited toleration to French protestants in 1598.
Edict of Nantes
What war was fought largely between French trappers and British settlers (and their Indian allies)?
King William’s War (1689-1697)
What war was fought as follows in 1702-1713:
English vs. French in the North
English vs. Spanish in the South
Queen Anne’s War
What founding father was a young general during the French and Indian War?
George Washington
What Indian tribe was Great Britain’s ally during the French and Indian war?
The Iroquois
Who was the 60 year old general sent from England, who was trained in European warfare, to teach the colony troops how to fight?
Edward Braddock
(Definition) Began in 1739; small scale clash between Britain and Spain in the Caribbean and in Georgia. Merged with the much larger war of Austrian Succession in 1742.
War of Jenkins’s Ear
(Definition) North American Theater of Europe’s war of Austrian Succession that once pitted British Colonists against their French counterparts in the north. The peace settlement did not involve any territorial realignment, leading to conflict between NE settlers and the British government.
King George’s War
(Definition) Nine year war between the British and the French in North America. It resulted in the expulsion of the French from the North American mainland and helped spark the seven years’ war in Europe.
French and Indian War
(Definition) 1759. One of the most significant engagements in British and American history. Battle during the French and Indian War.
Battle of Quebec
The French and Indian War shatters what myth?
British Invincibility.
(Definition) Bloody campaign waged by Ottawa chief Pontiac to drive the British out of Ohio Country. It was brutally crushed by British troops, who resorted to distributing blankets infected with smallpox as a means of putting down this rebellion.
Pontiac’s Uprising
(Definition) Decree issued by Parliament in the wake of Pontiac’s Uprising prohibiting settlement beyond the Appalachians.
Proclamation of 1763
(Definition) Economic theory that closely linked a nation’s political and military power to its bullion reserves.
Mercantilism
What laws regulated all commerce flowing to and from the colonies and said that all goods could only be transported in British vessels?
Navigation law of 1650
(Definition) Duty on imported sugar from the West Indies. It was the first tax levied on the colonists by the crown and was lowered substantially in response to widespread protests.
Sugar Act (1764)
(Definition) Required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops.
Quartering Act (1765)
(Definition) Assembly of delegates from 9 colonies who met in NYC to draft a petition for the repeal of the stamp act. Helped ease sectional suspicions and intercolonial unity.
Stamp Act Congress
(Definition) Boycotts against British goods adopted in response to the stamp act.
Nonimportation agreements
In what year was the Stamp Act repealed?
1766
(Definition) Indirect levies on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea, the proceeds of which were used to pay colonial governors, who had previously been paid directly by colonial assemblies.
Townshend Acts
How many citizens were killed in the Boston Massacre?
11
(Definition) Rowdy protest against the British East India Company’s newly acquired monopoly on the tea trade.
Boston Tea Party
