AP Test Super Review

Question 1

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Answer 1

Established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review over congress.

Question 2

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Answer 2

Established the federal government’s limited powers over the states.

Question 3

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Answer 3

Gave congress the ability to regulate interstate commerce.

Question 4

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)

Answer 4

Established trust relationship between federal government and tribes under their authority.

Question 5

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

Answer 5

Gave tribes autonomous control of their land within the boundaries set.

Question 6

Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842)

Answer 6

Labor unions were ruled lawful and strikes were lawful weapons.

Question 7

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

Answer 7

Denied citizenship to African American slaves.

Question 8

U.S. v. E.C. Knight (1895)

Answer 8

Commerce said to be regulated interstate without restriction on products going out of state.

Question 9

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Answer 9

Upheld “separate but equal” segregation laws in states.

Question 10

Lochner v. New York (1905)

Answer 10

Reversed limitation on bakers’ work hours according to due process and right to contract.

Question 11

Schenck v. United States (1919)

Answer 11

Limits freedom of speech in the 1st Amendment when there is a clear and present danger to national security.

Question 12

Adkins v. Children’s Hospital (1923)

Answer 12

Minimum wage law for women unconstitutional on the grounds of denying women the freedom of contract.

Question 13

Korematsu v. United States (1944)

Answer 13

Upheld internment of Japanese Americans during WWII.

Question 14

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Answer 14

Separating black and white students in public schools is unconstitutional.

Question 15

Mueller v. Oregon (1908)

Answer 15

Upheld sex discrimination labeling women as the “child bearers” not being able to work long hours.

Question 16

Buck v. Bell (1927)

Answer 16

Upheld the legality of terminating the mentally ill in protection/health of the state.

Question 17

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Answer 17

Any evidence found in violation of the 4th amendment may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions.

Question 18

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Answer 18

Criminal defendants have a right to an attorney even if they cannot afford one.

Question 19

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Answer 19

Prisoners must be advised of their rights before being questioned by police.

Question 20

Loving v. Virginia (1967)

Answer 20

Invalidated state laws prohibiting interracial marriage.

Question 21

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Answer 21

Women have a constitutional right to an abortion during the first two trimesters.

Question 22

United States v. Nixon (1974)

Answer 22

President cannot use executive privilege to withhold evidence from criminal trial.

Question 23

University of California v. Bakke (1978)

Answer 23

Upheld affirmative action on the basis of using race in selecting participants in college.

Question 24

Texas v. Johnson (1989)

Answer 24

Flag burning was protected by the 1st amendment as freedom of speech.

Question 25

Bush v. Gore (2000)

Answer 25

No recount feasible in reasonable amount of time, process had not been violated.

Question 26

District of Columbia v. Heller (2008)

Answer 26

Citizens have a right to possess firearms at home for self defense.

Question 27

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

Answer 27

Corporations and unions can spend unlimited amounts in elections.

Question 28

Shelby County v. Holder (2013)

Answer 28

State and local government do not need federal approval to change voting laws.

Question 29

United States v. Windsor (2013)

Answer 29

Federal government must provide benefits to legally married same sex couples.

Question 30

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

Answer 30

Same sex marriage legalized across all 50 states.

Question 31

(Definition) the transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between New and Old World societies after 1492.

Answer 31

Colombian Exchange

Question 32

(Definition) system of exchanging the labor of Native American labor for the European colonists’ promise to christianize them. Borderline slavery.

Answer 32

Encomienda system.

Question 33

(Definition) companies made up of groups of investors who bought the right to establish plantations from the king.

Answer 33

Joint-stock companies

Question 34

Where was the first attempt by the English to establish a colony in America in 1586 (where colonists mysteriously disappeared)?

Answer 34

Roanoke

Question 35

(Definition) Agricultural system employed by North American Indians as early as 1000 AD; maize, beans, and squash were grown together to maximize yields.

Answer 35

Three-sister farming

Question 36

Name of the treaty signed by Spain and Portugal that divided the territories of the New World, signed in 1494.

Answer 36

Treaty of Tordesillas

Question 37

(1680) Pueblo Indian rebellion that drove Spanish settlers from New Mexico.

Answer 37

Pope’s Rebellion

Question 38

(1649) Passed in Maryland, it guaranteed toleration to all Christians but decreed the death penalty for those who denied the divinity of Jesus Christ. Ensured that Maryland would continue to attract a high proportion of Catholic migrants throughout the colonial period.

Answer 38

Act of Toleration

Question 39

The first successful settlement in the Virginia colony founded in 1607. This settlement became part of the Joint Stock Virginia Company of London in 1620.

Answer 39

Jamestown

Question 40

A poor person obligated to a fixed term of unpaid labor, often in exchange for a benefit such as transportation, protection, or training. A practice where plantation owners paid for people’s voyages in exchange for a certain amount of years’ work.

Answer 40

Indentured servants

Question 41

The founder of Pennsylvania, the early ideas of democracy and religious freedom and he was famous for good relationships with Native Americans.

Answer 41

William Penn

Question 42

The first joint-stock company in the Colonies. Founded Jamestown, promised gold, conversion of Indian to Christianity, and passage to the Indies.

Answer 42

Virginia Company

Question 43

The first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was drafted by the Pilgrims who crossed the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower, seeking religious freedom. Signed on November 11, 1620.

Answer 43

Mayflower Compact

Question 44

An English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century. Centered around the present-day cities of Salem and Boston.

Answer 44

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Question 45

Written by Ben Franklin, it was filled with witty, insightful, and funny bits of observation and common sense advice.

Answer 45

Poor Richard’s Almanac

Question 46

(1749-1744) Puritanism had declined by the 1730s, and people were upset about the decline in religious piety. This event was a sudden outbreak of religious fervor that swept through the colonies.

Answer 46

Great Awakening

Question 47

1637 conflict between an alliance of Mass. bay and Plymouth colonies, with American Indian allies, against the Pequot Indians. This war saw the elimination of the Pequot in New England, and is exemplary of the Puritanism use of genocide towards Native Americans.

Answer 47

Pequot War

Question 48

First legislative assembly in the New World, established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619.

Answer 48

Virginia House of Burgesses

Question 49

An uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, first rebellion on the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part.

Answer 49

Bacon’s Rebellion

Question 50

A three way system of trade during the 1600s-1800s. Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe and Europe sent guns and Rum to Africa.

Answer 50

Triangle Trade

Question 51

Regulated trade in order to benefit the British economy. The acts restricted trade between England and its colonies to English or colonial ships, required certain colonial goods to pass and though New England before export.

Answer 51

Navigation Acts

Question 52

A period from 1607-1763 in which England did not strictly enforce Parliamentary laws, which allowed the colonies to flourish as almost independent states for many years.

Answer 52

Salutary Neglect

Question 53

The most successful Indian revolt against the Europeans; pueblo Indians in 1680, led by pope, attached Spanish settlers and killed some 400; maintained independence in New Mexico until 10 years later, when the Spanish returned and conquered the Indians.

Answer 53

Pueblo Revolt

Question 54

(Person) Came up with the Natural Rights “life, liberty, and property.”

Answer 54

John Locke