Midterm Review Flashcards
Humans should strive to live _______
Simply
According to environmentalism,all your possession should be_____________
Basic necessities
Too many possessions results in a loss of ______
freedom
Sunlight, air, forests, minerals, and water are all _______
natural resources
The introduction of harmful levels of chemicals or wastes into the environment is called_____________
pollution
When the last member of a species dies,_________is said to have occurred
extinction
Copper ore, petroleum, and diamonds are all__________
non renewable resources
during the ___________period in history, humans lived in tribes and used fires to maintain prairie habitat
hunter-gatherer
during the__________period in history, plants and animals were domesticated and human populations grew rapidly
agriculture
rapid population growth, poverty, and reduced life expectancy are all characteristics of ________countries
developing
a persons ________________is an indication of the productive area of earth needed to produce the resources consumed by that individual
ecological footprint
the essay entitled “the tragedy of the commons” was written to illustrate the environmental conflicts that occur when many people in a community take advantage of the same____________in that area
Resources
high fossil fuel consumption, low population growth rates, and high life expectancy are all charactistics of _________countries
developed
the chance that an event will happen is known as _________
probability
in statistics, the group of individuals used to represent the population is called the_______
sample
a __________________model is a systematic process you can use to help you make decisions about environmental issues
decision-making
the _________________consists of a series of steps used by scientists to identify and answer questions
scientific method
the initial source of food in most ocean and freshwater ecosystems is
protists
the initial source of food in most land ecosystems is
plants
the living and once living parts of an ecosystem, including all the plants and animals, are _____factors in the ecosystem
biotic
the nonliving parts of an ecosystem, such as rocks, light, air, and temperature, are ________factors in the ecosystem
abiotic
raccoons in tennessee and raccoons in Illinois are members of the same ______, while all the raccoons in a forest in wisconsin are a ___________of raccoons
species;population
algae are a type of organism in the kingdom of ______
protista
unlike other organisms, _______do not have cell nuclei
bacteria
a mushroom is the ________structure of a fungus
reproductive
yeasts that make bread rise belong to the ______kingdom
fungi
many celled organisms that have cell walls and make their own food are known as
plants
organisms that get their food by breaking down dead organisms are called _________
decomposers
a process within the cell of an organism that uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy is called _______________
cellular respiration
on new islands formed by volcanic activity, you will most likely find________succession
primary
the first organisms to colonize any newly available area are known as _____________
pioneer species
when energy is passed from one trophic level to the next, only about _______of the energy is passed to the next level
10%
excessive use of __________on lawns and gardens can affect the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in nearby lakes and streams
fertilizers
succession that occurs on abandoned farmland is called ________succession
secondary
a lion is an example of a group of consumers called _______
carnivores
bacteria and fungi are examples of a group of consumers called___________
decomposers
the ultimate source of energy for all organisms except those living deep in the ocean near a thermal vent is the _____
sun
the burning of ___________over many years has resulted in an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
fossil fuels
the incredibly diverse vegetation in _________________ is responsible for the evolution of numerous highly specialized animal species
tropical rain forest
a _______biome has an annual rainfall of less than 25 cm
dessert
a forest that is located about _______north latitude would have fallen leaves on the forest floor during the fall
40
due to extreme temperature conditions and simple,easily disrupted food chains, the _______is very sensitive to human disturbance
tundra
the climate of a biome is determined mostly by average _________and precipitation
temperature
vegetation in biomes where__________is scarce consists predominantly of short trees, shrubs, and grasses
precipitation
tropical rain forests are being destroyed primarily by logging for lumber and to create open land for _____
homes/agriculture
in estuaries, fresh water and salt water mix, forming a ________trap
nutrient
the amount of dissolved salts in water is known as _______
salinity
upstream, a river is usually cold and flows ______through a shallow riverbed
swiftly
coral polyps secrete skeletons of _______________that slowly accumulate and form coral reefs
calcium carbonate
most of the food in aquatic ecosystems is produced by __________
phytoplankton/algae
a population’s _________is usually described as even, clumped, or random
dispersion
if two species use the same food source at different times, they are _______competitors
indirect
the ______________of an ecosystem for a particular species is the maximum population that the ecosystem can support indefinitely
carrying capacity
a population’s _______is the number of its members per unit area or per volume
density
deaths that are caused by a disease spreading through a population are _______dependent
density
a species’ _____includes that species’ physical home, the environmental factors necessary for that species’ survival, and all its interactions with other organisms.
niche
a type of interaction between two species in which both species are harmed is __________
competition
a relationship in which two organisms live in close association, such as mutualism and commensalism is called_________
symbiosis
a population has a __________growth rate when the death rate is higher than the birth rate
negative/declining
