Final review guide Flashcards
according to environmental philosophy, humans should strive to live _______
simple
the probability of an outcome that is unwanted occurring is called _________
risk
a ___________ model is a systematic process you can use to help you make decision about environmental issues
decision-making model
the __________ consists of a series of steps used by scientists to identify and answer questions
scientific method
materials from the environment that will never run out are called _________, but materials from the environment that will run out are called ___________
renewable
nonrenwable
If an insect can no longer be killed by a particular insecticide, it has developed a __________to the chemical
resistance
the law of supply and demand states good and services in _____ demand will have a high price
high
public exploitation of a shared resource is called ____________
Tragedy of the Commons
the initial source of food in most land ecosystems _______
plants
the living and once living parts of an ecosystem, including all the plants and animals, are _______ factors in the ecosystem
biotic
the nonliving parts of an ecosystem, such as rocks, light, air, and temperature, are _____factors in the ecosystem
abiotic
Darwin proposed that __________ is the mechanism for _______ the change in the genetic characteristics of a population from one generation to the next that is characterized by organism that look similar and produce fertile offspring called _____
natural selection
evolution
species
plants in a particular biome have _________that help them to survive in that biome
adaptions
biomes are determined by climate which is composed of _________ and _______
temperature
precipitation
horses and cattle are __________and eat only producers while lions are a group of consumers called ________, and bacteria are examples of __________
herbivores
carnivores
decomposers
a gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in a community is called _______. From nothing is ________ and a disturbed area is _________
succession
primary
secondary
in the carbon cycle, the source of carbon for producers is the ______
CO2
the burning of ____________over many years has resulted in an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
fossil fuels
downstream, a river often widens and flows more ______
slowly
coral polyps secrete skeletons of ____________that slowly accumulates and forms coral reefs.
calcium carbonate
a ______is where a river meets an ocean
estuary
the ___________of an ecosystem for a particular species is the maximum population that the ecosystem can support indefinitely
carrying capacity
a type of interaction between two species in which both species are harmed is ________.A type of interaction between two species in which both species benefit is _________
competition
mutualism
a type of interaction between two species in which one benefits and one is not affected ___________
commensalism
where the hyena live is referred to as a ________and what the animal does is referred to as a ______
habitat
niche
a population has a _________growth rate when the death rate is higher than the birth rate
negative
the _________and _________ revolutions brought about changes that caused exponential growth of the world human population
agricultural
industrial
the study of human population patterns is called _________
demography
the United Nations has designated _________countries to be given priority for foreign aid
developing
a country characterized by high birth rates, high death rates, and low income is called ________ while a country characterized by low birth rates, low death rates, and high income is called ________
developing
developed
one way to stabilize the world population is to reduce ________ by improving women’s status and educational oppurtunities
birth rate
most demographers predict a _______population growth rate and a world population of ___________in 2050
neutral
9 billion
when cities grow too fast it is called the __________
urban crisis
local water supplies may be contaminated when they are also used for _______ disposal
sewage
during the last 200 years, the human population has undergone ________growth
exponential
the number and variety of species on earth is called _______
biodiversity
an area of land through which water percolates to be stored as groundwater is known as a ____________
recharge zone
only 3% of water on earth is fresh water and most of it is lock up in the form of _____
ice
underground stored water is held in a geologic formations referred to as an ________
aquifer
water that is safe to drink is referred to as _________
potable
a method of providing plants with water for agriculture from sources other than precipitation is known as _______
irrigation
fertilizer from farms, lawns, and gardens is the largest source of nutrients that cause _______
pollution/eutrophication
when fossil fuels are burned, they release oxides of _______ and ______
nitrogen
sulfur
land that is used to graze livestock is known as _____
range
many people move to cities in search of _____, and as more people move to the city the land footprint gets larger in a process called ________
jobs
urban sprawl
a land-use planner might use a tool known as _______ to determine where to locate a new mall
GIS
areas that are protected from development and environmental damage are known as _________areas
wilderness
moderation of temperature, infiltration of rainwater runoff, and aesthetic value can be provided to urban areas by ________
green areas
the environmentally preferred method of harvesting trees is _______where medium trees are harvested
select cut
cities generate and trap _______, causing increased temperatures called heat islands
heat
the health problem caused by not eating enough necessary nutrients is known as __________
malnutrition
the loss of fertile soil when it is blown away by wind or washed away by water is called _______
erosion
the raising of aquatic organisms for human use and consumption is called _______
aquaculture
in farming, a _______ is any organism that occurs where it is not wanted, or in large enough numbers to cause economic damage that can be controlled by using ________or ___________
pest
chemicals
biological pest control
ore deposits formed in cracks in rocks are called _____
veins
an open pit used to mine minerals near the surface is called a __________
surface mine
theodore roosevelt helped create ________(first national park) to help preserve wildlife habitat
yellowstone
oil and natural gas result from the decay of ____________that accumulated on the ______ floor millions of years ago
marine creatures
ocean
nuclear fission releases a tremendous amount of energy from _______atoms and Nuclear fusion releases a tremendous amount of energy from _______
splitting
joining
the electricity that powers the lights in a house was generated at a ________and then carried to the user through a _____
power plant
grid
energy from sources that are constantly being formed is ___________energy, which is a needed source due to worlds ______demand for energy
renewable
increasing
electricity is produced chemically when hydrogen and oxygen are combined in a _______
fuel cell
wind turbines are driven by convection currents caused by the _____
sun
solar cells are also called _________
photovoltaic
emissions regulations and technology such as ________have reduced air pollution from internal combustion engines in many areas
hybrid cars
scientific method
series of steps used by scientists to identify and answer questions
tragedy of the commons
public exploitation of a shared resource
biotic
the living parts of an ecosystem
abiotic
the nonliving parts of an ecosystem
herbivores
animals that only eat plants
carnivores
animals that only eat meats
estuary
where a river meets an ocean
commensalismq
interaction between two species in which one benefits and one is not affected
habitat
where the animal lives
niche
what the animal does
demography
study of human population patterns
developing countries
high birth rates
high death rates
low income
developed countries
low birth rates
low death rates
high income
urban crisis
when cities grow too fast
biodiversity
number and variety of species on Earth
recharge zone
area of land through which water percolates to be stored as groundwater
aquifer
underground stored water is held in a geologic formations
potable
when water is safe to drink
range
land that is used to graze livestock
urban sprawl
ecological footprint gets larger as more people move to the city
erosion
loss of fertile soil when it is blown away by wind or washed away by water
veins
ore deposits formed in cracks in rocks
surface mine
open pit used to mine minerals near the surface
photovoltaic
solar cells
fuel cell
electricity is produced chemically when hydrogen and oxygen are combined
