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Final review guide Flashcards

1
Q

according to environmental philosophy, humans should strive to live _______

A

simple

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2
Q

the probability of an outcome that is unwanted occurring is called _________

A

risk

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3
Q

a ___________ model is a systematic process you can use to help you make decision about environmental issues

A

decision-making model

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4
Q

the __________ consists of a series of steps used by scientists to identify and answer questions

A

scientific method

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5
Q

materials from the environment that will never run out are called _________, but materials from the environment that will run out are called ___________

A

renewable

nonrenwable

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6
Q

If an insect can no longer be killed by a particular insecticide, it has developed a __________to the chemical

A

resistance

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7
Q

the law of supply and demand states good and services in _____ demand will have a high price

A

high

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8
Q

public exploitation of a shared resource is called ____________

A

Tragedy of the Commons

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9
Q

the initial source of food in most land ecosystems _______

A

plants

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10
Q

the living and once living parts of an ecosystem, including all the plants and animals, are _______ factors in the ecosystem

A

biotic

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11
Q

the nonliving parts of an ecosystem, such as rocks, light, air, and temperature, are _____factors in the ecosystem

A

abiotic

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12
Q

Darwin proposed that __________ is the mechanism for _______ the change in the genetic characteristics of a population from one generation to the next that is characterized by organism that look similar and produce fertile offspring called _____

A

natural selection
evolution
species

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13
Q

plants in a particular biome have _________that help them to survive in that biome

A

adaptions

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14
Q

biomes are determined by climate which is composed of _________ and _______

A

temperature

precipitation

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15
Q

horses and cattle are __________and eat only producers while lions are a group of consumers called ________, and bacteria are examples of __________

A

herbivores
carnivores
decomposers

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16
Q

a gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in a community is called _______. From nothing is ________ and a disturbed area is _________

A

succession
primary
secondary

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17
Q

in the carbon cycle, the source of carbon for producers is the ______

A

CO2

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18
Q

the burning of ____________over many years has resulted in an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

A

fossil fuels

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19
Q

downstream, a river often widens and flows more ______

A

slowly

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20
Q

coral polyps secrete skeletons of ____________that slowly accumulates and forms coral reefs.

A

calcium carbonate

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21
Q

a ______is where a river meets an ocean

A

estuary

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22
Q

the ___________of an ecosystem for a particular species is the maximum population that the ecosystem can support indefinitely

A

carrying capacity

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23
Q

a type of interaction between two species in which both species are harmed is ________.A type of interaction between two species in which both species benefit is _________

A

competition

mutualism

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24
Q

a type of interaction between two species in which one benefits and one is not affected ___________

A

commensalism

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25
where the hyena live is referred to as a ________and what the animal does is referred to as a ______
habitat | niche
26
a population has a _________growth rate when the death rate is higher than the birth rate
negative
27
the _________and _________ revolutions brought about changes that caused exponential growth of the world human population
agricultural | industrial
28
the study of human population patterns is called _________
demography
29
the United Nations has designated _________countries to be given priority for foreign aid
developing
30
a country characterized by high birth rates, high death rates, and low income is called ________ while a country characterized by low birth rates, low death rates, and high income is called ________
developing | developed
31
one way to stabilize the world population is to reduce ________ by improving women's status and educational oppurtunities
birth rate
32
most demographers predict a _______population growth rate and a world population of ___________in 2050
neutral | 9 billion
33
when cities grow too fast it is called the __________
urban crisis
34
local water supplies may be contaminated when they are also used for _______ disposal
sewage
35
during the last 200 years, the human population has undergone ________growth
exponential
36
the number and variety of species on earth is called _______
biodiversity
37
an area of land through which water percolates to be stored as groundwater is known as a ____________
recharge zone
38
only 3% of water on earth is fresh water and most of it is lock up in the form of _____
ice
39
underground stored water is held in a geologic formations referred to as an ________
aquifer
40
water that is safe to drink is referred to as _________
potable
41
a method of providing plants with water for agriculture from sources other than precipitation is known as _______
irrigation
42
fertilizer from farms, lawns, and gardens is the largest source of nutrients that cause _______
pollution/eutrophication
43
when fossil fuels are burned, they release oxides of _______ and ______
nitrogen | sulfur
44
land that is used to graze livestock is known as _____
range
45
many people move to cities in search of _____, and as more people move to the city the land footprint gets larger in a process called ________
jobs | urban sprawl
46
a land-use planner might use a tool known as _______ to determine where to locate a new mall
GIS
47
areas that are protected from development and environmental damage are known as _________areas
wilderness
48
moderation of temperature, infiltration of rainwater runoff, and aesthetic value can be provided to urban areas by ________
green areas
49
the environmentally preferred method of harvesting trees is _______where medium trees are harvested
select cut
50
cities generate and trap _______, causing increased temperatures called heat islands
heat
51
the health problem caused by not eating enough necessary nutrients is known as __________
malnutrition
52
the loss of fertile soil when it is blown away by wind or washed away by water is called _______
erosion
53
the raising of aquatic organisms for human use and consumption is called _______
aquaculture
54
in farming, a _______ is any organism that occurs where it is not wanted, or in large enough numbers to cause economic damage that can be controlled by using ________or ___________
pest chemicals biological pest control
55
ore deposits formed in cracks in rocks are called _____
veins
56
an open pit used to mine minerals near the surface is called a __________
surface mine
57
theodore roosevelt helped create ________(first national park) to help preserve wildlife habitat
yellowstone
58
oil and natural gas result from the decay of ____________that accumulated on the ______ floor millions of years ago
marine creatures | ocean
59
nuclear fission releases a tremendous amount of energy from _______atoms and Nuclear fusion releases a tremendous amount of energy from _______
splitting | joining
60
the electricity that powers the lights in a house was generated at a ________and then carried to the user through a _____
power plant | grid
61
energy from sources that are constantly being formed is ___________energy, which is a needed source due to worlds ______demand for energy
renewable | increasing
62
electricity is produced chemically when hydrogen and oxygen are combined in a _______
fuel cell
63
wind turbines are driven by convection currents caused by the _____
sun
64
solar cells are also called _________
photovoltaic
65
emissions regulations and technology such as ________have reduced air pollution from internal combustion engines in many areas
hybrid cars
66
scientific method
series of steps used by scientists to identify and answer questions
67
tragedy of the commons
public exploitation of a shared resource
68
biotic
the living parts of an ecosystem
69
abiotic
the nonliving parts of an ecosystem
70
herbivores
animals that only eat plants
71
carnivores
animals that only eat meats
72
estuary
where a river meets an ocean
73
commensalismq
interaction between two species in which one benefits and one is not affected
74
habitat
where the animal lives
75
niche
what the animal does
76
demography
study of human population patterns
77
developing countries
high birth rates high death rates low income
78
developed countries
low birth rates low death rates high income
79
urban crisis
when cities grow too fast
80
biodiversity
number and variety of species on Earth
81
recharge zone
area of land through which water percolates to be stored as groundwater
82
aquifer
underground stored water is held in a geologic formations
83
potable
when water is safe to drink
84
range
land that is used to graze livestock
85
urban sprawl
ecological footprint gets larger as more people move to the city
86
erosion
loss of fertile soil when it is blown away by wind or washed away by water
87
veins
ore deposits formed in cracks in rocks
88
surface mine
open pit used to mine minerals near the surface
89
photovoltaic
solar cells
90
fuel cell
electricity is produced chemically when hydrogen and oxygen are combined

Science (14 decks)

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