Ecosystems Review Flashcards
If an insect can no longer be killed by a particular insecticide, it has developed a _________to the chemical
Resistance
Most bacteria, including the kinds that cause disease and those found in garden soil, belong to the __________kingdom
Eubacteria
The initial source of food in most land ecosystems is ________
Plants
The living and once living parts of an ecosystem, including all the plants and animals, are _______factors in the ecosystem
Biotic
The nonliving parts of an ecosystem,such as rocks, light, air,and temperature, are _________factors in the ecosystem
Abiotic
Raccoons in Tennessee and raccoons in Illinois are members of the same _________,while all the raccoons in a forest in Wisconsin are a ________ of raccoons
Species
Population
The place where an organism lives and that had the resources the organism needs is its __________
Habitat
Darwin proposed that _______ __________ is the mechanism for __________ the change in the genetic characteristics of a population from one generation to the next
Natural selection
Evolution
An inherited trait that increases an organisms chance of survival and reproduction in a certain environment is an _________
Adaptation
Is collie is a breed of dog that exists because of ________selection
Artificial
Bacteria are members of the _____________ or _________kingdoms
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Algae are a type of organism in the kingdom of __________
Protist
Unlike other organisms, ________do not have cell nuclei
Bacteria
Yeasts that make bread rise belong to the _________kingdom
Fungi
Many-celled organisms that have cell walls and make their own food are known as ______
Plants
A process in which energy from the sun is used to make sugar molecules is called___________
Photosynthesis
In deep-ocean ecosystems, the ___________ that escapes from the cracks in the ocean floor is used by bacteria to make their own food
Chemicals
Organisms that get their food by breaking down dead organisms are called ___________
Decomposers
A process within the cell of an organism that uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy is called __________ ____________
Cellular respiration
Some natural disasters, such as ____, help some forest communities by allowing some trees to release their seeds, by clearing away deadwood, and by encouraging new growth
fire
on new islands formed by volcanic activity, you will most likely find_____succession
primary
the first organisms to colonize any newly available area are known as ______
pioneer species
when energy is passed from one trophic level to the next, only about ______of the energy is passed to the next level
10 percent
excessive use of ______on lawns and gardens can affect the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in nearby lakes and streams
fertilizer
during succession, a final and stable community is referred to as a ______
climax community
succession that occurs on abandoned farmland is called ________succession
secondary
horses and cattle are _______because they only eat producers
herbivores
organisms called ____________ _______ can transform unusable nitrogen in the atmosphere into chemical compounds containing nitrogen that can be used by other organisms
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
a lion is an example of a group of consumers called ______
carnivores
bacteria and fungi are examples of a group of consumers called _______
decomposers
the energy transfer in a ______is more complex than energy transfer in a food chain, because the interaction between many organisms is considered
food web
the ultimate source of energy for all organisms except those living deep in the ocean near a thermal vent is the ______
sun
in the carbon cycle, the source of carbon for producers is the _______
atmosphere
underground carbon sources composed of plants and animals that died millions of years ago are known as _______ _____
fossil fuels
the incredibly diverse vegetation in the ___ ________ __________ is responsible for the evolution of numerous highly specialized animal species
the Tropical Rainforest
a ______ biome has an annual rainfall of less than 25cm
desert
Biomes found up to 30 degrees north or south of the equator are often ______
tropical rainforests
a ______biome recieves 200 to 450 cm of rain per year
rainforest
a forest that receives relatively little rainfall and has acidic soil would be located near the _____ _____
arctic circle
a forest that is located about ___ _____north latitude would have fallen leaves on the forest floor during the fall
40 degrees
animals such as pronghorn, bison, and badgers live on the North American _____
Prairie
most _______plants are low-lying evergreen shrubs and trees with small leathery leaves
chaparral
in the tundra, the frozen layer of soil just beneath the surface is called the _______
permafrost
biomes are classified and often named according to their ________, which determines which other organisms that can live there
vegetation
during harsh winters, animals of the _____have adaptions such as the ability to change color to avoid predators
taiga
the climate of a biome is determined mostly by average _________and precipitation
temperature
vegetation in biomes where _____is scarce consists predominantly of short trees, shrubs, and grasses
water
plankton forms the ____of the marine food web
base
in estuaries, fresh water and salt water mix, forming a ______trap
nutrient
a ______ lake has a large amount of plant growth due to nutrients
trophic
excessive nutrient growth in an aquatic ecosystem can be accelerated by a ______
a runoff
Long, thin _____islands typically run parallel to a shore
barrier
the amount of dissolved salts in water is known as ______
salinity
a river changes with the ____and ______through which it flows
land
climate
downstream, a river often widens and flows more ______
slowly
coral polyps secrete skeletons of ________/______ ________ that slowly accumulate and form coral reefs
limestone/calcium carbonate
corals live only in shallow, ____ water where there is enough light for photosynthesis
warm
most ocean population can be traced to activities on ____
land
most of the food in aquatic ecosystems is produced by ____________
phytoplankton
marshes are dominated by _________plants while swamps contain mainly ______ plants
Grassy
woody
Levels of organization smallest to largest
Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere
Earths layers inner to outer
Inner core
Outer core
Mantle
Crust
Algae
Group of produce
Plants
Multicellular
Go through photosyhbthesis
Tectonic plates cause 2 things what are they
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
