Midterm Review

Question 0

Pattern

Answer 0

Observation of natural phenomena (Darwin->Finches)

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

Scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment

Question 2

Process

Answer 2

Mechanism explaining a pattern (Finches->Natural selection)

Question 3

Climate

Answer 3

Long term trends in temp and precipitaion

Question 4

Weather

Answer 4

Current temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, ect.

Question 5

Hadley Cell

Answer 5

current cycle between the equator and 30 degrees south or north. Air goes up at the equator and travels south or north and subside around 30 and head back to the equator. High pressure at the 30 degrees north and south.

Question 6

Thermal Stability

Answer 6

local environmental variation

Question 7

Biosphere

Answer 7

all organisms on earth plus the environment in which they live

Question 8

Tropical Rainforest

Answer 8

-between 10N and 10S
-intense competition for light
~little weather variation
-Precipitation above temp all the time
-poor soil

Question 9

Tropical forests and savanna

Answer 9

~10-23.5 N and S
~Seasonality of water
~ June- August precipitation under temp

Question 10

Hot and Cold Deserts

Answer 10

~30 N and S
~Low water availability
~ Hot: Temp always above precipitation
~ More sensitive biome

Question 11

Temperate grasslands

Answer 11

~30-50 N and S
~fire and grazing maintain grasslands
~high soil fertility

Question 12

Temperate shrublands and woodlands

Answer 12

30-40 Nand S

winter precipitation

Question 13

Temperate seasonal forest

Answer 13

30-50 N

A least 50 cm of precipitation per year

Question 14

Temperate evergreen forests

Answer 14

30-50 N and S
evergreen trees
Often high soil acidity

Question 15

Boreal forests (Taiga)

Answer 15

above 50 N
Severe winters (subfreezing in some cases)
Composed primarily of conifers

Question 16

Tundra

Answer 16

above 65 N

Cold temperature and low precipitation

Question 17

Green house effect

Answer 17

gasses trapping solar radiation

Question 18

Evolution

Answer 18

Change in allele frequency over time (decent with Modification)

Question 19

Natural selection

Answer 19

process by which individuals with certain heritable characteristics survive and reproduce more successfully

Question 20

Adaptation

Answer 20

a genetically determined trait which enhances the survival and reproduction of its bearers

Question 21

acclimatization

Answer 21

physiological, morphological, or behavioral changes to minimize stress from an environmental change

Question 22

Tolerance

Answer 22

capacity of an organism to withstand exposure to an evironmental factor

Question 23

Avoidance

Answer 23

the ability of an organism to prevent damage caused by an environmental factor

Question 24

Ectotherms

Answer 24

Regulate body temp through exchange with environment

Question 25

Endotherms

Answer 25

regulate body termp through internal heat

Question 26

Hypoosmotic

Answer 26

sal water fish

drink water and osmotic loss through gill and urine

Question 27

Hyperosmotic

Answer 27

Freshwater fish