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AP Hug > Midterm review > Flashcards

Midterm review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Five Themes of Geography?

A

Place, Location, Region, Human/environmental interaction, Movement.

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2
Q

Absolute VS. Relative location

A

Absolute Location- Actual GPS location with coordinates, (Site: unique characteristics).
Relative Location- Location relative to landmarks. (Situatuion: relative location when it comes to infrastructure/connectivity (highway, bridge)

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3
Q

Region: formal, functional, perceptual

A

Formal- 1 shared characteristic. Ex) Great Plains, Rocky Mountains, Ring of Fire.
Functional- Serves a purpose or a function. Ex) school district, delivery service.
Perceptual- (AKA Vernacular) No clear border or boundary.

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4
Q

Choropleth map

A

A map that shows differences using colors and shading.

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5
Q

Reference Map

A

Political, physical and topographic maps.

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6
Q

Large map scale VS. small map scale

A

Large scale- Small area (1/10), town
Small scale- Large area (1/1,000), continent

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7
Q

Robinson map

A

Size/curve of the earth, distorts the continents.

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8
Q

Mercator map

A

True distance for naval travel (straight lines).

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9
Q

Distortion

A

Can’t project a curved surface on a flat map.

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10
Q

Cultural landscape

A

Visible imprint of humans on earth’s surface.

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11
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

Physical contact, like spreading a disease.

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12
Q

Hierarchical diffusion

A

Passed down by connected individuals.

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13
Q

Stimulus diffusion

A

“Playing” catch up (adopting a new trait based off a competitor).

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14
Q

Relocation diffusion

A

Leave the hearth and the culture will move too.

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15
Q

Assimilation

A

Completely absorbed into the dominant culture. (Native Americans).

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16
Q

Acculturation

A

When you adapt only certain elements but retain original culture.

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17
Q

Environmental determinism

A

The theory of how the environment controls human behavior.

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18
Q

Environmental possibilism

A

The theory that people can adjust or overcome an environment.

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19
Q

Cultural ecology

A

Human-Environment interaction. Determinism and Possibilism.

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20
Q

Distance decay

A

The further you are from a hearth, the less likely you are to adopt.

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21
Q

Arithmetic population density

A

Measures the total population of a country relative to its land size.

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22
Q

Physiologic population density

A

Number of people per unit area of agriculturally productive land.

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23
Q

Doubling time

A

Time it takes to double a population.

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24
Q

Dependency ratio

A

The ratio on which the country depends on their elderly or children.

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25
Q

Population momentum

A

Your population still grows when your rate falls because as your life expectancy increases.

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26
Q

-Natural increase rate
-Crude birth rate
-Crude death rate
-Infant mortality rate
-Total fertility rate

A
  • Live births minus deaths
  • Live births per 1000 people
  • Live deaths per 1000 people
  • Kids ages 0-1 who pass away. Little medical care and low status of women.
  • Average number of children per woman of child bearing age. Having an average of 2.1 means your population is still growing.
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27
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The amount of people a country can hold in their population.

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28
Q

Expansive population

A

National conception day. Money rewards. Ways to grow your population.

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29
Q

Eugenic population

A

Genocide. Targets a certain group. Ethnic cleansing.

30
Q

Restrictive population

A

Condom-Family Planning.

31
Q

One child population

A

Way more males. Female infanticide and abortions.

32
Q

Mathus’s Theory

A

Believed population would outgrow food supply.

33
Q

Absolute distance

A

A distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length, such as a mile or kilometer.

34
Q

Relative distance

A

Approximate measurement of the physical space between two places.

35
Q

Emigration

A

Movement of people AWAY from a place.

36
Q

Immigration

A

Movement of people TO a place.

37
Q

Ravenstains laws

A

Most people travel short distances. Most migrations are rural to urban.
Big city destination.
Most migratory people are single young men.
Counter migration.

38
Q

Gravity model

A

Bigger the city, the more attractive it is towards people.

39
Q

Push/pull factors

A

Factors that want to make people enter or exit a country.

40
Q

Step migration

A

Not all migrants go A to B, they stop along the way.

41
Q

Chain migration

A

One person migrates and people from the same culture follow them.

42
Q

Voluntary/forced migration

A

Migration where you choose to go to, or where you are forced to.

43
Q

Counter migration

A

For every one migrant that leaves, at least one migrant will come.

44
Q

Folk culture groups/regions in the US

A

Culture that is passed on from generation to generation.

45
Q

Globalization and Pop Culture

A

Culture that is trending and constantly changing.

46
Q

Official languages

A

Language used by the country’s official government.

47
Q

Dialect

A

Differences in vocabulary, syntax (way words are put together to form phrases), pronunciation, cadence and even the pace of speech.

48
Q

Language - families (e.g., Indo-European), subfamilies, groups

A

How a cultural group communicates.

49
Q

Isogloss

A

a line on a dialect map marking the boundary between linguistic features.

50
Q

Language divergence

A

When spatial interaction among speakers of a language breaks down and the language fragments first into dialects and then into discrete tongues.

51
Q

Language convergence

A

Collapses two languages into one.

52
Q

Conquest/agricultural theory

A

Raising of animals and growing crops to maintain a stable society.

53
Q

Language diffusion

A

Where the language comes from originally.

54
Q

Lingua franca

A

Language used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce.

55
Q

Pidgin language

A

Simplified language that combines traditional with dominant language.
EX) Spanglish, French Creole, Hawaiian Pidgin.

56
Q

Creole language

A

Pidgin language over time to develop grammar rules and become a native language.
EX) Jamaican, Haitian

57
Q

Mono/multilingual states

A

States that either speak one or multiple languages.

58
Q

Toponym

A

A place name. Illustrates the languages on the land, reflecting past inhabitants and their relationship to the land.

59
Q

Language extinction

A

The removal of a certain language from society.

60
Q

Universalizing religion

A

Actively seeks converts, they have a message that applies to all people.
Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism.

61
Q

Ethnic religion

A

People born into it, Faith/culture intertwined, spatially concentrated.
Judaism and Hinduism.

62
Q

Hearths and Diffusion of major world religions

A

Buddhism in India and Islam in the Mid East.

63
Q

Landscapes of major world religions

A

Religion has a major impact on how landscapes are presented.

64
Q

Sacred sites

A

Holy place where people visit on pilgrimage to pay respects, pray, or pay the religions meaning infused with the sites.

65
Q

Pilgrimage

A

The movement of the traveler or group of travelers away from home, usually with a specific, sacred goal in mind.

66
Q

Syncretic (know Sikhism)

A

Ethnic religion, spatially located, mix of hinduism and Islam.

67
Q

Hinduism

A

Originated in India (South Asia), Indus River Valley, oldest religion, caste system, temples (engravings /sculptures of gods), Ganges River, relocation diffusion.

68
Q

Buddhism

A

Founded by Siddharta Guatama, originated in Bodh Gaya (India), the sacred sight is the bodhi tree, diffuses through trade and relocation diffusion. (Spread to Southeast Asia, China, Japan), PAGODAS.

69
Q

Judaism

A

The hearth of Judaism is judea, Spread through relocation, Spatially concentrated, Northeast, Eastern Europe and Israel.

70
Q

Christianity

A

Christians in the US are in the North East, it’s a universalizing religion, the hearth of Christianity is Judea.

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