MIDTERM QUIZZES

Question 1

Which of the following are NOT consistent with a type 2 diabetes mellitus
diagnosis?

a. presence of islet cell antibodies
b. higher risk of developing DM complications
c. presence of insulin resistance
d. detectable levels of C-peptide

Answer 1

a. presence of islet cell antibodies

Question 2

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE

STATEMENT A: Improperly regulated glucose levels may eventually
affect one or more nerves leading to nephropathy.

STATEMENT B: Unmanaged DM may lead to cardiovascular
complications which are the most common cause of mortality in DM
patients.

a. both statements are incorrect
b. only statement b is correct
c. only statement a is correct
d. both statements are correct

Answer 2

b. only statement b is correct

Question 3

Which of the following may contribute to renal damage among DN
patients?
a. increased pro-inflammatory cytokines
b. good glycemic control
c. decreased reactive oxygen species
d. normal intraglomerular pressure

Answer 3

a. increased pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 4

A patient with sickle cell anemia was recently diagnosed with type 2
diabetes mellitus. Which of the following DM markers is NOT
recommended in monitoring the patient’s condition?
a. AOTA may be used for monitoring
b. hba1c
c. fbs
d. rbs

Answer 4

b. hba1c

Question 5

Which statement is INCORRECT regarding the biomarker
Malondialdehyde?
a. it is elevated in diabetic nephropathy
b. it is the oxidation product of DNA
c. it may be produced during oxidative stress
d. it is correlated negatively with gfr

Answer 5

b. it is the oxidation product of DNA

Question 6

Which finding is NOT obtained in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?

a. decreased mir-126
b. decreased mir-15a
c. decreased mir-29a
d. AOTA are consistent with t2dm

Answer 6

c. decreased mir-29a

Question 7

Which is TRUE regarding the biomarkers TNFR1 and KIM-1?

a. they are both inflammatory biomarkers for DN
b. they are both oxidative biomarkers for T2DM
c. they are both elevated during acute tubular injury among DM patients
d. they may both be predictors of ESRD risk among DM patients

Answer 7

c. they are both elevated during acute tubular injury among DM patients

Question 8

Which of the following findings is consistent with microalbuminuria?

a. albumin excretion rate of 310 mg/day
b. glomerular filtration rate of 60 ml/min
c. glycated albumin of 300 umol/L
d. albumin-creatinine ratio of 275 mg/g

Answer 8

d. albumin-creatinine ratio of 275 mg/g

Question 9

All of the following findings are associated with insulin resistance,
EXCEPT:
a. increased 2-hydroxybutyrate levels
b. increased glycine levels
c. AOTA are associated
d. decreased adiponectin levels

Answer 9

b. increased glycine levels

Question 10

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE

STATEMENT A: TNF-alpha levels are highest among patients with
macroalbuminuria as compared to those with micro- and
normoalbuminuria.

STATEMENT B: TNF-alpha levels are higher in nephropathy patients with
lower glomerular filtration rates.
a. both statements are incorrect
b. only statement A is correct
c. both statements are correct
d. only statement B is correct

Answer 10

c. both statements are correct

Question 11

Match the following markers to the corresponding result and condition it is associated with:
glycine

Answer 11

decreased insulin resistance

Question 12

Match the following markers to the corresponding result and
condition it is associated with:
TNF-alpha

Answer 12

elevated in DN

Question 13

Match the following markers to the corresponding result and
condition it is associated with:
mir-103

Answer 13

decreased in prediabetic

Question 14

Match the following markers to the corresponding result and
condition it is associated with:
RBP4

Answer 14

increased in DN

Question 15

Match the following markers to the corresponding result and
condition it is associated with:
mir-193b

Answer 15

increased in prediabetic