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SEM2 > CC 1 AND 2 > Flashcards

CC 1 AND 2 Flashcards

1
Q

traditional markers (7)

A 
fbs
rbs
ogtt
hba1c
aer
acr
gfr
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2
Q

disadvantages of traditional DM markers

A

inconvenient
invasive
time consuming

hgb variants

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3
Q

novel DM markers (miRNA)

7

A

192, 193b, 103

9, 29a

126, 15a

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4
Q

novel DM markers (proteins)

2

A

adiponectin

RBP 4

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5
Q

novel DM markers (metabolites)

2

A

glycine

hydroxybutyrate

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6
Q

novel DN inflammatory markers

3

A

TNF-a
TNF-a receptors
interferon gamma

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7
Q

novel DN oxidative stress markers

2

A

8-OHdG

MDA

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8
Q

novel DN renal dysfunction marker

1

A

KIM-1

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9
Q

miRNA elevated during prediabetes

A

192, 193b

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10
Q

miRNA involved in regulation of adipose and glucose metabolism; decreased in prediabetes

A

103

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11
Q

this miRNA can inhibit insulin secretion; elevated in T2DM

A

9, 29a

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12
Q

miRNA involved in endothelial homeostasis, decreased in both prediabetes and T2DM

A

126

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13
Q

this miRNA promotes insulin regulation; decreased in T2DM

A

15a

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14
Q

potential predictive miRNA markers for DM (2)

A

126, 15a

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15
Q

protein that promotes glucose uptake; decreased in T2DM

A

adiponectin

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16
Q

transporter protein for retinol; increased in T2DM

A

RBP4

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17
Q

substrate for gluconeogenesis; decreased in insulin resistance

A

glycine

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18
Q

amino acid metabolite; increased in insulin resistance

A

hydroxybutyrate

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19
Q

promotes chemokine release

20
Q

predictors for ESRD (2)

A

TNFR1

TNFR2

21
Q

have normal physiologic function but they may also be dangerous if they are present in excessively high levels

A

reactive oxygen species

22
Q

nucleic acid oxidation product; predictor of DN progression

23
Q

lipid oxidation product; increased in CKD, T2DM, DN

24
Q

transmembrane protein on PCT cells; increased in tubular injury

25
Q

berlin criteria for ARDS (3)

A
  • onset of symptoms < 1 week
  • bilateral opacities w/ pulmonary edema
  • PF/Horowitz ratio < 300 mmHg
26
Q

alveolar cells type 1 secretes:

27
Q

alveolar cells type 2 secretes: (3)

A

SP-A
SP-B
SP-D

28
Q

bronchiolar club cells secretes:

29
Q

endothelial cells secretes: (5)

exudative phase

A
  • vWF
  • sICAM-1
  • Ang-1
  • Ang-2
  • E-selectin
30
Q

pulmonary vascular permeability secretes:

A
  • mini-BALF

- plasma proteins

31
Q

coagulation secretes:

A
  • PAI
  • protein C
  • thrombomodulin
  • urokinase
32
Q

ARDS biomarker that peaks at first day; increased in severe lung dysfunction

33
Q

this protein + IL-8 is considered as a superior performing biomarker in ARDS diagnosis

A

SP - surfactant protein

34
Q

increased volume of this ARDS biomarker is linked to worsening of clinical outcome

35
Q

increased levels of this ARDS biomarker on the 1st 3 days suggests poor clinical outcome

36
Q

this ARDS biomarker is decreased in ARDS

37
Q

phase of ARDS - first 7 days

A

exudative phase

38
Q

exudative phase biomarkers

A
  • sRAGE
  • SP
  • CCSP
  • sICAM
  • Ang-1/2
  • E-selectin
39
Q

phase of ARDS - 7th day to recovery

A

proliferative phase

40
Q

epithelial cells secretes:

A

KGF and HGF

41
Q

potent mitogens, has poor prognosis

A

KGF and HGF

42
Q

endothelial cells secretes: (proliferative phase)

43
Q

ARDS vs COVID

A

ARDS

  • multiple cells
  • onset < a week
  • non compliant respiratory system

COVID-ARDS

  • alveolar cells only
  • 8-14 days onset
  • compliant respiratory system
44
Q

Best marker in predicting disease severity as it is decreased for fatal patients

A

total thiol

45
Q

high sensitivity biomarker; capable of distinguishing non-ARDS from severe ARDS patients

SEM2 (5 decks)

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