IS-BB Flashcards
condition when these normal cells would proliferate in an abnormal manner
neoplasia
abnormal tissue mass
tumor/neoplasm
benign tumors: (4)
adenoma
lipoma
fibroma
hemangioma
tumor that develops in the epithelial tissue that covers the organs, glands
adenoma
blood vessels that have accumulated in the skin or organs
hemangioma
arise from fat cells; most common type of benign tumor
lipoma
3 distinct features of malignant tumor
- poorly differentiated cells
- can invade surrounding tissues
- can metastasize
cancer that often begin in the skin or the tissues that line internal organs
carcinoma
cancer that affects the bone marrow and wbcs
leukemia
cancer that originates in the immune system and begins with the lymphocytes
lymphoma
cancer that develops in the connective tissue
sarcoma
aka the secondary tumor
metastatic tumor
4 tumor antigens
tumor specific antigens
tumor associated antigens
carcinofetal antigens
spontaneous tumor antigens
these are intracellular proteins or molecules that are specific for tumor cells
+ example
tumor specific antigens
ex: alpha fetoprotein
these are intracellular proteins or molecules that can be found in both normal and tumor cells; non specific
+ example
tumor associated antigens
ex: p97 (transferrin GF)
antigens which are produced normally during the fetal development and would start to decline at birth; if it is still present in adult, it is malignant
+ example
carcinofetal antigens
ex: CEA/AFP
t or f. carcinofetal antigens will elicit humoral or cell mediated response
false. since they were formed during fetal development, our body classify it as self antigens
antigens which are produced normally during the fetal development and would start to decline at birth
spontaneous tumor antigens
natural immunity
successfully used in cancer immunotherapy
activated macrophages
natural immunity
affects the tumor vasculature to kill tumor
tumor necrosis factor
natural immunity
antibodies wrap the tumor
direct cytolysis
natural immunity
granulated lymphocytes; functions as immunosurveillance
NK cells
T cell mediated
this cytokine activates the T cells, B cells, NK cells
IL-1
T cell mediated
acute inflammatory cytokine that destroys tumor cells by necrosis/apoptosis
TNFa
T cell mediated
this cytokine is produced by the T cells and the NK cells; stimulation of the anti-tumor immune response
interferon gamma
T cell mediated
provide an effective anti-tumor immunity by directly lysing the tumor cells
cytolytic t-lymphocytes
serves as good tumor markers
antibodies
normally present in very minimum amounts; elevated when there is cancer
glycoprotein
tumor marker category
cell surface markers
ER/PR
tumor marker category
proteins
thryoglobulin
bence jones proteins
tumor marker category
oncofetal antigens
CEA
AFP
tumor marker category carbohydrate antigen (4)
CA125
CA15-3
CA72-4
CA19-9
tumor marker category
enzymes
PSA
neuron specific enolase
tumor marker category
hormones
HCG
calcitonin
disease associated with CEA
GIT diseases
disease associated with AFP
viral hepatitis
cirrhosis
ulcerative colitis
t or f. beta hcg is normal for males
false. it is only seen in testicular cancer and in other tumors
