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Subjective Well-Being > Midterm questions > Flashcards

Midterm questions Flashcards

1
Q

Major components of SWB

A
  1. Life satisfaction
  2. High positive affect
  3. Low negative affect
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2
Q

Phlegmatic

A

Low negative affect and low positive affect

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3
Q

T/F Happy people tend to show a bias in which they under-remember bad events and over-remember good ones

A

True, called the positivity effect

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4
Q

In almost all countries, people who have the highest incomes on average tend to be:

A

More happy than their poorer peers

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5
Q

Correlates with more happiness

A

Marriage
Strong social network
Enjoyable job
Income

NOT: kids

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6
Q

Extraverted stable

A

someone with high extraversion and low neuroticism

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7
Q

Spending money on ____ has been found to be associated with the most benefits in SWB

A

Vacations, concerts, donating to charity

NOT: sports cars

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8
Q

Hedonism

A

Type of happiness in which we strive to maximize pleasure

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9
Q

Gottman’s positivity ratio

A

There needs to be 5 positives for each negative just to be at a neutral level

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10
Q

The happiest countries tend to be

A

Least religious

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11
Q

Demographic related with more life satisfaction

A

More education (moderated thru income)

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12
Q

Bottom-up approach to SWB

A

Happiness is explained as the sum of many small pleasurable and positive moments, such as social relationships, income, living situation, etc

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13
Q

Positivity bias

A

Happy people tend to be optimistic, feel a sense of control, see the good in people, and generally have a positive outlook on life

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14
Q

Carver and Scheier found that people high in optimism

A

recover faster from surgeries

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15
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Depressed people tend to feel like they have no control over their current problematic situation and negative feelings

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16
Q

Self-adaptation

A

Costa and McCrae found that happy and unhappy people have different coping strategies when they are confronted with a negative or stressful situation
______ is an example of a positive coping strategy

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17
Q

Situation we do not adapt to

A

Unemployment

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18
Q

10 basic human values

A
  1. Achievement
  2. Conformity
  3. Benevolence
  4. Self direction
  5. Stimulation
  6. Hedonism
  7. Power
  8. Security
  9. Tradition
  10. Universalism

Not: Leisure

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19
Q

Self-affirmations

A

Process of identifying most important values and most important role

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20
Q

Working towards goals can positively influence our well-being. Which goal characteristic has Not been helpful in boosting well-being?

A

Being extrinsically motivated

But: being intrinsically motivated, self-concordant, and approach oriented help

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21
Q

Example of intrinsic reason for working towards goals

A

To gain autonomy

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22
Q

People who focus on achieving extrinsic goals rather than intrinsic goals tend to have

A

Greater drug use

23
Q

D-Love

A

Deficiency love, they counter-balance you

You love the person because of their dedication to you

24
Q

Theory of Flow

A

Challenge and skill must balance

25
Q

Victor Frankl lives in a Nazi camp during WWII and noted that

A

People would die when they lost meaning and purpose in life

26
Q

RIASEC model

A

Occupational interests, tests what you enjoy

NOT: aptitudes, does not test what you’re good at

27
Q

Scale on Diener’s website measures

A

Satisfaction with Life (SWLS)
Flourishing
Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving CIT

28
Q

In terms of interest, what level of novelty do people seem to most often enjoy?

A

Medium levels of novelty

29
Q

Sex differences in SWB

A

No consistent differences emerge

30
Q

Research on the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions has found

A

Effects are larger for those who practice the exercises more often
Effects can persist for several months
Smaller studies have stronger effects

*** All interventions did Not have similar effects

31
Q

Single Nucleotide Peptide (SNP)

A

This single gene influences a characteristic, although other genes may as well
Has to do with heritability of SWB

32
Q

Relationship between age and SWB

A

It depends on the nation where one lives

33
Q

Relationship between marriage and SWB

A

People who marry were happier even five years before ever marrying
There is a sharp uptick in life satisfaction at the time of the wedding
People who will eventually divorce were on average less happy even years before marrying
There are individual differences- some people are happier after marriage, and others are less happy

34
Q

Interaction between income and education on SWB

A

When income is controlled, the effects of education become much smaller, but remain

35
Q

Group with the smallest relationship between income and SWB

A

US broad sample, 0.12

36
Q

Easterlin’s Paradox

A

Rich people are happier in the rich nations, but not the poor ones???

  • most findings do show that more nations increase in SWB as income rises, but there are many exceptions
  • some evidence that the comparison standard increases, based on wealthiest nations, and that therefore as the world gets richer, people are barely more satisfied—they want more
37
Q

Values for money and love

A

Valuing love more and money less seems associated with the most happiness

38
Q

Strongest association with income

A

Life satisfaction

39
Q

Optimal amount of happiness

A

80%

40
Q

A heritability of 0.50 means that

A

One can explain half of the variation in one’s happiness, but this does not tell us that we can only change 50%
Think of hair color, it is heritable, but we can change it

41
Q

How frequently do people feel meaning in life?

A

Most people usually feel that they have meaning in life

42
Q

Elements of meaning in life

A

Significance beyond self (legacy)
Coherence
Purpose

43
Q

Review article by Diener:

Weather on happiness

A

Had little to no impact on SWB

44
Q

Review article by Diener:

Global measures vs. on-line momentary measures summed over time

A

Global measures do somewhat better

45
Q

Review article by Diener:

Measures used to assess SWB

A

Peer reports, brain activity, smiling

46
Q

Review article by Diener:

Comparison of broad, global measure with more focused vs. narrower measures and concluded

A

At times certain people are higher on global measures, interpreted as a positivity effect

47
Q

Review article by Diener:

Religion and SWB

A

It depends on culture
It depends on the life circumstances of respondents
- people are more religious when situations are bad

48
Q

Review article by Diener:

Group that would be the least happy

A

Those open to experience living on the outskirts of the city

- social isolation

49
Q

Declining marginal utility

A

Poor people get more boost from money than rich people who get that amount

50
Q

Life satisfaction

A

An appraisal of one’s own life

51
Q

Positive affect

A

Pleasant moods and emotions

52
Q

Adaptation

A

One reacts strongly to events, but then they decline in impact

53
Q

AIM

A

A theory of thinking and happiness

Subjective Well-Being (11 decks)

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