Midterm Pt. 1 Flashcards
Scientists say that evolution by natural selection is a theory. This means that:
A. Evolution is some scientists’ guess at how life on earth came to be.
B. Evolution is a well-substantiated explanation of life on earth, supported by a large body of evidence.
C. Evolution cannot be tested, so we cannot determine whether it occurs or not.
D. Evolution is just one idea; there are other equally likely scientific ideas explaining how life on earth came to be.
B. Evolution is a well-substantiated explanation of life on earth, supported by a large body of evidence
Of the following choices, which statement about the costs of sexual reproduction is false?
A. Compared to asexual reproduction, far fewer offspring are produced by sexual reproduction.
B. In general, to reproduce sexually one must spend time and resources to locate an appropriate mate.
C. Sexual reproduction generally results in the faster accumulation of deleterious mutations.
D. Sexual reproduction makes an individual vulnerable to sexually-transmitted diseases.
C. Sexual reproduction generally results in the faster accumulation of deleterious mutations
- Among the following types of mutations, choose the correct order from those that will (generally) have the most effect on an organism’s phenotype to those that will have the least effect on its phenotype.
A. Chromosome duplication, silent, frameshift, missense
B. Missense, chromosome inversion, nonsense, frameshift
C. Chromsome inversion, nonsense, frameshift, silent
D. Frameshift, silent, nonsense, chromosome duplication
C. Chromsome inversion, nonsense, frameshift, silent
Which of the following correctly describes the modern process of science?
A. All scientific data must pass through a rigorous peer-review process, which eliminates error and uncertainty in the data.
B. Scientists develop hypotheses to explain natural phenomena before considering any data that describe those phenomena.
C. Important scientific findings are reported in peer-reviewed literature, which leads to additional research.
D. The needs of society do not influence the scientific questions that are addressed.
C. Important scientific findings are reported in peer-reviewed literature, which leads to additional research.
he formation of phosphodiester bonds is catalyzed by which of the following enzymes?
A. DNA polymerase B. RNA polymerase C. DNA ligase D. A and C E. A, B, and C
E. A, B, and C
Which of the following DNA traits would provide information that would be useful in making a phylogeny?
Outgroup GGG AAA Taxon 1 GGC AAC Taxon 2 GGG AAA Taxon 3 GGC ACC Taxon 4 GTG AAA
A. The first position of the DNA sequence
B. The second position of the DNA sequence
C. The fifth position of the DNA sequence
D. The sixth position of the DNA sequence
E. All of the traits would be useful in determine evolutionary relationships among the taxa.
D. The sixth position of the DNA sequence
Proteins involved in repairing mutations should be present in the highest concentration in a cell during: A. DNA replication B. transcription C. translation D. A, B, and C
A. DNA replication
- Which of the following statements about adaptation is/are true?
A. An adaptation is a heritable trait.
B. An adaptation evolves through the process of natural selection.
C. An adaptation is any trait that enhances the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce.
D. A and B
E. A, B, and C
D. A and B
Which of the following accurately describes how transcription could be affected by mutations in a non-transcribed region of DNA?
A. Initiation – the promoter region is critical to the start of transcription
B. Elongation – exons are not transcribed in eukaryotes
C. Termination – a mutation that creates a new stop codon will inappropriately halt transcription
D. A and C
E. A, B, and C
A. Initiation – the promoter region is critical to the start of transcription
- DNA is ___________ to mRNA, which is then _______________ into protein.
Transcribed; translated
- In science, a good hypothesis is one that:
A. Is shown to be correct.
B. Provides a potential explanation for a predicted pattern of results.
C. Cannot be directly tested with empirical data.
D. All of the above.
B. Provides a potential explanation for a predicted pattern of results.
- An anticodon is:
A. Three amino acids that signal the termination of translation
B. Three nucleotides in ribosomal RNA that bind to a tRNA during transcription
C. Three nucleotides in tRNA that bind to a sequence of mRNA during translation
D. Three nucleotides in tRNA that bind to an animo acid during translation
C. Three nucleotides in tRNA that bind to a sequence of mRNA during translation
- The following molecules are critical to transcription and translation in prokaryotes. Place these molecules in the correct order of their activity in the expression of a single gene.
A. Sigma, RNA polymerase, initiation factor, release factor
B. Initiation factor, sigma, RNA polymerase, snRNP, release factor
C. RNA polymerase, initiation factor, sigma, release factor, snRNP
D. Sigma, initiation factor, release factor, RNA polymerase
A. Sigma, RNA polymerase, initiation factor, release factor
If you know the complete phenotype of an organism, you can determine its complete genotype. T or F
False
The genetic code is redundant, which means that one amino acid can be coded for by multiple mRNA codons T or F.
True
