Exam 1

Question 1

What is the importance of the Start Codon?

Answer 1

It marks the start of translation in conjunction with other signals.

Question 2

E sites

Answer 2

The exit site where the tRNA from the P sites are released from the E sites

Question 3

A sites

Answer 3

The next charged tRNA carrying an amino acid goes into the A sited where a peptide bond is form between the amino acid and the growing chain in the p site.

Question 4

P site

Answer 4

where the growing pep tide chain is held

Question 5

What is the three step process in Elongation.

Answer 5

1. Aminoacyl-tRNA with the matching codon is brought to the A site by elongation factor.
2. The growing peptide is moved to the tRNA in the A site
3. The tRNA with the growing chain is transcribe to the p sites and the uncharged tRNA that was in the P site is released through the E site.

Question 6

True or False aminoacyl -tRNA without the right codon are brought to the A site.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Germline mutation -

Answer 7

Can be inherited through gametes cell

Question 8

Somatic Mutation-

Answer 8

occur in non gamete cells .

Question 9

Mutation-

Answer 9

An heritable changes in genetic information

Question 10

True or False Point mutation only occurs in a single chromosome

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Missense Mutation

Answer 11

a nucleotide substitution that alters the codon to produce a different amino acid in protein product.

Question 12

Nonsense Mutation

Answer 12

is a mutation that changes a codon so that a termination occurs.

Question 13

Framshift mutation

Answer 13

inserting or deletion base pairs (may have far more reaching effects than missence).

Question 14

Four types of chromosomal mutation.

Answer 14

inversion trans-location deletion duplication.

Question 15

Clade

Answer 15

All the descendents of a common ancestor (node) on the tree.

Question 16

Monophyly

Answer 16

A group that contains all the ancestors

Question 17

Paraphyly

Answer 17

“besides the tribe” these group contain the same ancestors but different group like reptiles they could not be a monophyly because they do not (but do include) include birds.

Question 18

Polyphyly

Answer 18

Groups together groups who do not have a common ancestor “ many tribes”

Question 19

Parisomy

Answer 19

The philosophy of reconstructing phylogeny (most likely phylogeny is on that requires the fewest number of evolutionary changes.)

Question 20

Homology

Answer 20

same function,inherited from the same ancestor

Question 21

Homoplasy

Answer 21

Serve the same function but not the from the common ancestor.

Question 22

Symplesiomorphy

Answer 22

Shared, ancestral triat

Question 23

Synapomorphy

Answer 23

Shared derived trait

Question 24

Convergence

Answer 24

evolved similarities caused by independent solution to common enviromental challenges

Question 25

True or false is it reasonable to follow the assumptions parisomy

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Natural selection postulate list all three

Answer 26

1. Individuals who make up a populations have varied heritable traits
2. More offspring are produce than can survive.
3. Individual with certain traits are likely to breed and survive.

Question 27

True or False evolution can only occur if there is alleles present.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

The Good hypothesis

Answer 28

Sexual species can adapt faster

Question 29

The bad Hypothesis

Answer 29

Sex can purge harmful mutation

Question 30

The ugly hypothesis

Answer 30

Sex can create variable offspring.

Question 31

The genetic code is———,———,———, and———–.

Answer 31

Redundant
unambiguous
Conservative
Universal

Question 32

What is repsonsible for catalyzing the enzymes for splicing of the mRNA introns

Answer 32

snRNP

Question 33

If you know an amino acid sequence of a protein, you can predict the entire mature mRNA sequence that produced it.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Leading strand synthesis

Answer 34

Synthesis occurs continuously because the 3’end of the growing strand faces the replication fork.

Question 35

Lagging strand synthesis

Answer 35

the 3’end of the growing strand faces away from the replication fork in the lagging strand DNA polymerase can not move constantly on the strand or it will get to far away from the replication fork so the polymerase detach and reattach to the strand

Question 36

Sexual reproduction

Answer 36

the fusion of two haploid cells produces a diploid organisms.

Question 37

Genotypes

Answer 37

The genetic make up of an organism traits

Question 38

Phenotypes

Answer 38

Physical traits passed

Question 39

Transcription

Answer 39

is the process of creating an RNA molecule that is complementary to a template sequenc

Question 40

Two fold cost of sex

Answer 40

asexual beings have twice as many offspring

Question 41

Sex

Answer 41

is the process that involves the combinations of two complete genome.

Question 42

Sigma binds to the promoter region. TRUE or False

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Promoters are located at …….

Answer 43

The -10 and -35 and are the same in all bacteria

Question 44

True or false RNA polymerase can not start transcription if the sigma is not bonded to the DNA.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

True or False RNA polymerase and DNA Polymerase do not both place nucleotides on the 3’ end

Answer 45

False

Question 46

Genes

Answer 46

Parts of the DNA that codes for proteins.

Question 47

What is the role of RNA polymerase

Answer 47

To extend the strand of the growing molecule.