Midterm Lezmi Flashcards
Structure that will become future female genital tract.
Paramesonephric duct
Structure that will become future male genital tract
Mesonephric duct
Term for the chromosomic sex is different than phenotype
Sex reversal
Term for animal with ambigious genitialia and has both gonadal tissues present
hermaphrodism
Term for animal that has ambigious genitalia but only a single type of gonadal tissue
pseudohermaphrodism
What species most commonly gets ovarian hypoplasia?
cows
What species most commonly gets periovarian cysts? What are they?
mares, remnants of embryonic ducts (hydatids)
What type of ovarian cysts do mares get?
epithelial inclusion cysts
What 2 type of cysts is most common in cows and sows?
crystic follicles - ovulation does not occur, cystic ovarian degeneration
cystic corpus luteum
What is the most common ovarian neoplasm in large animals?
granulosa cell tumor
What causes endometrial hyperplasia? What species?
chronic estrogen stimulation - cow, ewe, sow
What can happen to bitch uterus with progesterone production after estrus?
cystic endometrial hyperplasia
Term for endometrium in the myometrium.
Adenomyosis (cow, bitch, queen)
What is the most common agent of pyometra in the mare?
strep equi ssp. zooepidemicus
What species can get papillary adenomas/adenocarcinomas in the ovary?
dogs
bilateral, frequently metastasize
What causes endometritis in mares?
taylorella equigenitalis - reportable
What is the main cause of pyometra in dogs?
e coli
What type of neoplasm in dogs utererus is curable by excising it?
fibromatous polyps
What species commonly gets vaginal prolapse? What is the cause?
swine - mycotoxic hyperestrogenism
What agent of cow mastitis can cause gangrenous mastitis and death?
staph aureus
What is the agent of “summer mastitis” or “holstein udder plague”?
arcanobacterium pyogenes –>suppurative mastitis
What causes blue bag in sheep and goats?
mannheimia hemolytica
What are the 2 most common benign mammary gland neoplasms in dogs?
complex adenoma and benign mixed tumor
What percent of dog mammary neoplasms are benign vs malignant?
70% benign, 30% malignant
What percent of cat mammary neoplasms are malignant/benign?
malignant 80%, benign 20%
What is the cotyledonary placenta made up of in ruminants?
placentome –> cotyledons of fetus and caruncles of dam
What species have “diffuse” placentas?
pigs and horses
What are two incidental findings of a placenta?
amniotic plaques
hippomane - equids
What causes fetal mummification in the bitch?
herpes
What causes fetal mummification in cows?
BVB virus, tirchomoniasis
What are the lesions seen in brucella abortion in cows?
thickening of intercotyledonary area, edema and fibrinecrotic inflammation, fetal pneumonia
What is seen in neospora abortion in ruminants?
fetal encephaltitis, necrotizing placentitis
What is characteristic of toxoplasma abortion in sheep?
cotyledons have hundreds of white foci of necrosis
What lesions are seen in herpes abortion in mares?
after 7 months, firm heavy lungs, gray foci in liver
What cells are the supporting cells of the testical?
sertoli
What cells produce testosterone in the testicle?
interstitial/leydig cells
What species most get testicular atrophy?
bulls and boars
What are causes of orchitis in the bull, ram, and boar?
bull and swine - brucella
ram - corynebacterium
What are 2 causes of granulamatous orchitis>?
myco bovis and blastomyces
What testicular tumor has a tan orange color and doesnt metastasize?
leydig cell tumor
What testicular tumr has a white, firm appearance and causes feminization?
sertoli cell tumor
What testicular tumor is gray, soft and has local invasiveness?
seminoma
What species get mesothelioma tumors in the testis?
dogs and bulls
What species get sperm granulomas in the epididymus?
dogs and rams, congenital
What are causes of prostatitis in dogs?
e coli, proteus, brucella
Term for dilation of pampiniform plexus. Happens in older rams.
varicoceles
What species gets testicular torsion?
stallion
Term for inflammation of glans penis?
balanitis
What species gets transmissible genital papilloma?
swine, papillomavirus
What viruses cause cerebellar hypoplasia?
parvo in cats, csf in swine, bvdv, border disease
Term for lack of development of gray/white matter
Hydranencephaly
What causes hydranencephaly in ruminants?
cows - bvd, akabane
sm ruminants - blue tongue, border, akabane
What cells are most affected in hepatic encephalopathy?
astrocytes - swell and retract processes
What age is colibacillosis seen in swine?
6-14 weeks
What are the two types of water deprivation syndrome?
direct - excessive sodium (ruminants)
indirect - water dep followed by rehydration (pigs)
What part of brain is most likely to be infarcted?
cerebral hemispheres
What causes ischemic myelopathy?
fibrocartilage embolism, dog, cat, horse
Term for axonal injury that induces swelling and degeneration of myelin sheet.
wallerian degeneration
When is wallerian degeneration reversible?
if endoneurium is preserved
What are the two types of traumatic myelomalacia?
vertebral instability (dynamic) vertebral stenosis (static)
What causes polioencephalomalacia?
vit b1 deficiency
Where does vit b1 deficiency make a lesion in monogastrics? ruminants?
mono - midbrain
ruminants - cortical edema/necrosis
What causes substantia nigra necrosis in horses?
nigro-pllidal encephalomalacia
What causes leuoencephalomalacia in horses?
mycotoxin, alteration in sphingolipid metabolism
What are some common causes of septicemic meningitis?
e coli for all species
foals - strep, salmonella
lam, calf - pasteurella/mannheimia, strep
pig - strep suis, haemophilus parasuis, salmonella
puppy - strep canis, bordetella, moraxella
What are the 3 syndromes of listeriosis in ruminants?
infection of uterus –> abortions
septicemia with milliary visceral abscesses in neonates
encephalitis in adult animals
What part of the brain does listeriosis affect?
cadual brainstem (medulla>midbrain>thalamus)
What is the unique histologic pattern of listeriosis?
perivascular cuffing, microabscesses
What causes thromboembolic meningoencephalitis in cattle?
histophilus somni
What is the hallmark of TEME in cattle?
vasculitis with secondary thrmobosis
What fungi are angiotropic and invade the brain?
aspergillosis and zygomycosis
What lesions are seen with aspergillosis and zygomycosis in the brain?
fungal hyphae, microabscesses, thrombosis, vasculitis
What is typical in cryptococcal meningoencephalitis?
cystic granulamatous lesions
What will be seen in blastomyces infection in the brain?
yeasts
What lesions are seen in canine distemper infections in the brain?
intranuclear inclusions in astrocytes and demyelination
What lesions are seen in maedi/visna infections?
lymphohistiocytic + marked demyelination in white matter
What types of dogs get granulomatous meningioencephalitis?
young to middle aged small breeds
What happens in GME in dogs?
accumulation of mononuclear cells around BV, marked glial rxn
What are the three forms of GME in dogs?
disseminated - acute
focal form - solitary mass in cerebrothalamic region
ocular form - acute, visual loss
What neoplasia in the brain has an infiltrative pattern leading to diffuse enlargement?
astrocytomas
Where can choroid plexus tumors form?
at level of lateral and fourth ventricles
What type of spinal cord tumor resembles a kidney?
thoracolumbar spinal cord tumor - rare in large breed dogs
