MIDTERM LEC Flashcards
social development methodology used to facilitate the process of forming self-reliant, self-determining communities which are able to sustain their development activities.
Community organizing (CO)
2 GOALS OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
People empowerment community organizing
Improve quality of life.
3 CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
Motivated by social and health issues
Based on community analysis
Community participation.
most effective in terms of development and people empowerment are
COPAR and CBPR
COPAR
(Community Organizing Participatory Action Research)
CBPR
(Community Based Participatory Research)
Phases of COPAR model
Entry phase - integration phase - potential leaders - core group - Community Organization
8 CRITICAL ACTIVITIES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
CSTGMCER
Community integration-immersion
Social investigation.
Tentative program planning
Groundwork
Meeting
Community mobilization or action
Evaluation
Reflection
3 APPROACHES TO COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
ISSUE-BASED APPROACH
MICRO-PROJECT APPROACH
FAITH BASED APPROACH
an organizing approach that resolves around certain community issues and problems and mobilizes people to negotiate from a position of strength in number.
ISSUE-BASED APPROACH
Also known as socio-economic approach
MICRO-PROJECT APPROACH
an organizing approach that focuses on social or economic issues which can be resolved though the introduction of projects.
MICRO-PROJECT APPROACH
an organizing approach which is based on religious affiliation.
FAITH BASED APPROACH
5 STAGES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
STAGE 1. COMMUNITY ANALYSIS
STAGE 2. DESIGN AND INITIATION OF INTERVENTIONS
STAGE 3. IMPLEMENTATION
STAGE 4. PROGRAM MAINTENANCE-CONSOLIDATION
STAGE 5. DISSEMINATION-REASSESSMENT
the process of assessing and defining needs, opportunities and resources involved in initiating community health action program.
STAGE 1. COMMUNITY ANALYSIS
Establish a core planning group and assign a local organizer who has good management, transactional and communication skills.
STAGE 2. DESIGN AND INITIATION OF INTERVENTIONS
process of upholding, continuing, merging or integrating successful programs or those that have gained acceptance in the community.
STAGE 4. PROGRAM MAINTENANCE-CONSOLIDATION
It is the process of executing or carrying out the design plans and putting these into action.
STAGE 3. IMPLEMENTATION
Update the community analysis by finding out if there is a change in leadership, degree of participation and involvement and community resources both external and internal.
STAGE 5. DISSEMINATION-REASSESSMENT
a process by which individuals, communities and organizations gain mastery over their lives.
EMPOWERMENT
affirms that” the community participation is a fundamental requirement to achieve health and sustainable development.
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
citizens are assigned to “rubberstamp committees” by the power-holders.
Manipulation (non-participation)
diverts the attention of the people from the real problems by making them engage in group therapy activities like beautification and cleanliness drives.
Therapy (non-participation)
surveys, neighborhood meeting
Consultation
described as “meetingitis” and “projectitis”; no mechanism for ensuring continued participation during the implementation phase.
Placation-
joint planning boards to resolve the problem
Partnership
citizen vote is provided for if differences of opinion cannot be resolved thru negotiations
Delegate Power-
rung of participation where “people power” is greatest guarantees that citizens can take charge of a program, its policy and management and negotiate the conditions where” outsiders” may change them.
Citizen Power
4 FACTORS AFFECTING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
Discriminatory attitudes,
Access barriers,
Issues around resources, and
Representatives
4 PHASES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH
PRE-ENTRY PHASE
ENTRY PHASE
FORMATION PHASE
PHASE OUT
also known as project site selection. It involves the conduct of preliminary social analysis/investigation of the community to be able to plan the most effective way of entering the community.
PRE-ENTRY PHASE
the entry phase involves the social preparation of the community and signals the actual entry into the community.
ENTRY PHASE
From the core group
Define the roles/functions of the core groups
FORMATION PHASE
Health care workers leave the community to STAND ALONE; should be stated as early as the entry phase
PHASE OUT
is the component of the man’s well-being that is determined by interactions with the physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial factors external to him.
Environmental Health
Eight environmental health indicators in the Field Health Service information System (FHSIS):
Households with access to improved or safe water- stratified to levels I, II, and III
Households with sanitary toilets
Households with satisfactory disposal of solid waste
Households with complete basic sanitation facilities
Food establishments
Food establishments with sanitary permit
Food handlers
Food handlers with health certificates
“The discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accordance with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics, and other environmental considerations, and that is also responsive to public attitudes”.
“The discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accordance with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics, and other environmental considerations, and that is also responsive to public attitudes”.
R.A 9003 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE STREAM
Waste Generation
Waste Reduction: Re-Use
Waste Segregation
Collection and Transportation
Waste Recycling
Waste Treatment and Processing
Residual Waste Disposal
non-hazardous, non-biodegrable wastes
Black or colorless-
non-hazardous biodegradable wastes
Green
pathological/anatomical wastes
Yellow with biohazard symbol-
Yellow with black band-
pharmaceutical, cytotoxic, or chemical wastes (labeled separately).
infectious wastes.
Yellow bag that can be autoclaved-
Orange with radioactive symbol-
radioactive wastes.
3 The general requirements of safe drinking water include (WATER SANITATION)
Microbial quality
Chemical and Physical quality
Radiological quality
3 LEVELS OF ACCESS TO SAFE WATER
Level I (Point source)
Level II (Communal Faucet System or Standpost)
Level III (Waterworks System)
Point source)
LEvel 1
Level 2
Communal Faucet System or Standpost)
Waterworks System)
Level 3
(PICCS) on TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTE CONTROL
Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical substances
(NPMCC)TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTE CONTROL
National Poison Management and Control Center
LEADING CAUSES OF POISONING IN THE PHILIPPINES
Jewelry cleaners (high in cyanide)
Pesticides
Button batteries
Watusi firecracker
Immersions for at least_______ in clean hot water (77C)
half a minute
Immersion for _______ in lukewarm water containing 55-100 ppm of chlorine solution
at least one minute
Exposure to stream for _________ to 77 C for 5 minutes to at least 200 C
at least 15 minutes
6 F’s OF FECAL-ORAL MICROBIAL TRANSMISSION
Feces
Fingers
Fluids
Flies
Fields/Floors
Food
VERMIN ABATEMENT METHODS
Environmental Sanitation
Naturalistic Control
Biological and Genetic Control
Mechanical and Physical Control
Integrated Control
