Midterm II - Questions Flashcards
What is the major accomplishment of the Human Genome Project?
Identify the particular sequence of DNA molecules in the human species
What are the main goals of Behavioural Genetics?
Determine % of individual differences in a trait that can be attributed to genetic differences and environmental differences
Determine ways in which genes and environment interact and correlated with each other to produce individual differences
What is the truth about the three misconceptions about Heritability?
Heritability CANNOT be applied to a single individual
Heritability is NOT constant or unable to be changed (adaptations)
Heritability is NOT a precise statistic (it’s based on correlations)
Advantage to Selective Breeding?
Can infer heritability if selective breeding works
What is a Disadvantage to Selective Breeding?
Cannot ethically be conducted with humans
Advantage to Family Studies?
Provide heritability estimates
Disadvantage to Family Studies?
Members of family who share the same genes also usually share the same environment (results in confounds)
Advantage to Twin Studies?
Can provide both heritability and environmentality estimates
Disadvantages to Twin Studies?
Twins don’t always have equal environments
Twins don’t always represent general population
Positive correlations on traits between adopted children and adoptive parents provides evidence on _______ influences
Environmental
Positive correlations on traits between adopted children and genetic parents provides evidence of _______ influences
Genetic
Advantages of Adoption Studies?
Can provide both heritability and environmentality estimates
Bypasses equal environment assumption
Disadvantages of Adoption Studies?
Potential problem of selective placement of adopted children
_______ environments have the most influence on personality traits
Non-Shared
People high in what show EDA in absence of external stimuli?
Anxiety
Neuroticism
What is correlated with increased frontal brain activation to negative images?
Neuroticism
What is correlated with increased frontal brain activation to positive images?
Extraversion
Four main components of Human Nature?
Need to Belong
Helping and Altruism
Universal Emotions
Depression
Key Ideas in Psychoanalytic Theory?
Psychic Determinism
Mental Energy
Internal structures
Psychic Conflict
What is the purpose of psychoanalysis?
Dig deep into hidden part of the mind to explain behaviour
What is the source of psychic energy?
Instincts
What are the two Basic Instincts?
Life Instinct (libido) - Sex Death Instinct (Thanatos) - Aggression
One part of the mind creates urges _______, another part has a sense of what society expect _______, and another part tried to satisfy urges within bounds of reality and society _______
id
superego
ego
The Superego is also sometimes referred to as the _______
Conscience
What are the 7 Defence Mechanisms proposed in psychoanalytical theory?
Repression Denial Displacement Rationalization Reaction Formation Projection Sublimation (RDDRRPS)
What are the three main techniques for revealing the unconscious?
Free Association
Dream Analysis
Projective Techniques (TAT)
What are challenges faced in psychoanalysis?
Resistance - unconscious obstacles and defences
Transference - patient reacts to psychoanalyst as if they were important figure from life
What causes a motive?
A deficit, lack of something
As a need is satisfied, _______ is reduced
Tension
Motives propel people to perceive, _______, and _______ in ways that serve to satisfy a need
Think
Act
Relation between needs and motives:
_______ > _______ > _______ > Thoughts and Behaviour
Deficit > Need > Motive
