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PSYC 2600 > Midterm II - Questions > Flashcards

Midterm II - Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major accomplishment of the Human Genome Project?

A

Identify the particular sequence of DNA molecules in the human species

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2
Q

What are the main goals of Behavioural Genetics?

A

Determine % of individual differences in a trait that can be attributed to genetic differences and environmental differences

Determine ways in which genes and environment interact and correlated with each other to produce individual differences

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3
Q

What is the truth about the three misconceptions about Heritability?

A

Heritability CANNOT be applied to a single individual

Heritability is NOT constant or unable to be changed (adaptations)

Heritability is NOT a precise statistic (it’s based on correlations)

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4
Q

Advantage to Selective Breeding?

A

Can infer heritability if selective breeding works

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5
Q

What is a Disadvantage to Selective Breeding?

A

Cannot ethically be conducted with humans

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6
Q

Advantage to Family Studies?

A

Provide heritability estimates

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7
Q

Disadvantage to Family Studies?

A

Members of family who share the same genes also usually share the same environment (results in confounds)

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8
Q

Advantage to Twin Studies?

A

Can provide both heritability and environmentality estimates

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9
Q

Disadvantages to Twin Studies?

A

Twins don’t always have equal environments

Twins don’t always represent general population

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10
Q

Positive correlations on traits between adopted children and adoptive parents provides evidence on _______ influences

A

Environmental

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11
Q

Positive correlations on traits between adopted children and genetic parents provides evidence of _______ influences

A

Genetic

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12
Q

Advantages of Adoption Studies?

A

Can provide both heritability and environmentality estimates

Bypasses equal environment assumption

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13
Q

Disadvantages of Adoption Studies?

A

Potential problem of selective placement of adopted children

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14
Q

_______ environments have the most influence on personality traits

A

Non-Shared

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15
Q

People high in what show EDA in absence of external stimuli?

A

Anxiety

Neuroticism

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16
Q

What is correlated with increased frontal brain activation to negative images?

A

Neuroticism

17
Q

What is correlated with increased frontal brain activation to positive images?

A

Extraversion

18
Q

Four main components of Human Nature?

A

Need to Belong
Helping and Altruism
Universal Emotions
Depression

19
Q

Key Ideas in Psychoanalytic Theory?

A

Psychic Determinism
Mental Energy
Internal structures
Psychic Conflict

20
Q

What is the purpose of psychoanalysis?

A

Dig deep into hidden part of the mind to explain behaviour

21
Q

What is the source of psychic energy?

A

Instincts

22
Q

What are the two Basic Instincts?

A 
Life Instinct (libido) - Sex
Death Instinct (Thanatos) - Aggression
23
Q

One part of the mind creates urges _______, another part has a sense of what society expect _______, and another part tried to satisfy urges within bounds of reality and society _______

A

id
superego
ego

24
Q

The Superego is also sometimes referred to as the _______

A

Conscience

25
Q

What are the 7 Defence Mechanisms proposed in psychoanalytical theory?

A 
Repression
Denial
Displacement
Rationalization 
Reaction Formation
Projection
Sublimation 
(RDDRRPS)
26
Q

What are the three main techniques for revealing the unconscious?

A

Free Association
Dream Analysis
Projective Techniques (TAT)

27
Q

What are challenges faced in psychoanalysis?

A

Resistance - unconscious obstacles and defences

Transference - patient reacts to psychoanalyst as if they were important figure from life

28
Q

What causes a motive?

A

A deficit, lack of something

29
Q

As a need is satisfied, _______ is reduced

A

Tension

30
Q

Motives propel people to perceive, _______, and _______ in ways that serve to satisfy a need

A

Think

Act

31
Q

Relation between needs and motives:

_______ > _______ > _______ > Thoughts and Behaviour

A

Deficit > Need > Motive

PSYC 2600 (4 decks)

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