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Rel Ed > Midterm Exams > Flashcards

Midterm Exams Flashcards

1
Q

Accessing God’s existence is an issue because

A

It is not self-evident

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2
Q

What is self-evident?

A

Direct contact with reality. Does not need proof

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3
Q

Why is God’s existence fundamental?

A

It matters to our personal, existential, and moral life

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4
Q

If there is a god

A

we can’t do whatever we want

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5
Q

If there is no God

A

We can do whatever we want

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6
Q

What are the 4 responses to God’s existence?

A

Ontologism, Fideism, Agnosticism, Atheism

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7
Q

How can we know God according to Ontologists?

A

God is first idea and all we know comes from our knowledge of God

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8
Q

Where does Fideism come from?

A

Fides

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9
Q

What does fides mean?

A

Faith

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10
Q

Why is man totally corrupt in nature?

A

Because of Sin (Fideists)

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11
Q

Why a human mind can’t access God

A

Because the mind is sinful can’t grasp pure goodness

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12
Q

What is one way to access God’s existence?

A

Faith and Will

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13
Q

How can we use faith and will?

A

We make an act of faith. We simply believe

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14
Q

Where does Agnosticism come from?

A

A/Gnos - no knowledge

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15
Q

What is the response of the agnostics?

A

Refuse to answer the question.

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16
Q

Why do agnostics refuse to answer the question of God’s existence?

A

There is no way to resolve the quesiton

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17
Q

What are some of the strands of agnoticism?

A

Positivism and Logical/Neo-positivism

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18
Q

Who is the father of positivism?

A

August Comte

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19
Q

Why did August Comte said that the only things that we can know are the things that we can observe and experiment?

A

Because what cannot be observed or experimented does not give us knowledge or we don’t have a way of knowing

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20
Q

What is the problem of God’s existence according to positivism?

A

We can’t observe or experiment God to know the statement is true

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21
Q

What are the 2 kinds of statements according to neo-positivism?

A

Analytical and Synthetic

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22
Q

What is analytic statement?

A

Statements that don’t need proof to be true (self-evident) or true by knowing what the subject is

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23
Q

Why does knowing what the subject is, it indicates the predicate?

A

Because the predicate repeats the meaning of the subject

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24
Q

What is the problem with analytic statements?

A

They are boring. We can’t learn anything new because they are always true

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25
Q

What is synthetic statement?

A

Statements wherein the subject and predicate are not necessarily the same.

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26
Q

Does synthetic statements need to undergo observation and experimentation?

A

Yes!

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27
Q

Why is the statement God exists neither an analytic nor synthetic statement?

A

Because we do not know what God is, and we can’t observe or experiment God

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28
Q

What does Atheism claim?

A

There is no God

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29
Q

What are the arguments of Atheism?

A

The existence of Evil, the probabilistic argument, and projection theory

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30
Q

What are the kinds of evil?

A

Evil, natural evil, moral evil, physical evil, and metaphysical evil

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31
Q

What is evil?

A

Absence of all-good

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32
Q

What is natural evil?

A

natural disasters and calamities

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33
Q

What is moral evil?

A

willful acts of human beings

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34
Q

What is physical evil?

A

bodily pain or mental suffering

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35
Q

Why is there no God according to atheism?

A

because it is logical impossible since evil exists in the world

36
Q

What does the probabilistic argument say?

A

if the first statement is true
the other statement may still be true but it is less probably true.

36
Q

Who are the 2 figures of the projection theory?

A

Sigmund Freud (father of psychoanalysis) and Karl Marx (father of communism)

37
Q

What does Freud believe about God?

A

God is the product of the imaginative mind and a product of our piled up frustrations against our fathers

38
Q

Why is religion a neurosis according to Freud?

A

Because God is the product of our infantile wish of a perfect father

39
Q

Why is God a product of sociological frustrations according to Marx?

A

Because of sociological imbalances

40
Q

What are the arguments of the believers?

A

Fixed laws argument, eternal truths argument, and moral law argument

41
Q

What does the fixed laws argument state?

A

If there is order in the universe, there is a mind/intelligence (God)

42
Q

Why is order indicative of intelligence?

A

Because only a mind/intellect creates order in things, not will or pleasure

43
Q

What does the eternal truths argument state?

A

If there are absolute truths (like math), then it came from something who is absolute (God)

44
Q

What does the moral law argument state?

A

God is the basis of morality. If there is no God, subjective morality.

45
Q

What is the fundamental law of morality?

A

Do good, avoid evil

46
Q

What is the alternative is there is no God?

A

Life has no meaning

47
Q

What is the basis or need for
equality, justice, and dignity in a world made of molecules
or cells?

A

The existence of God

48
Q

Why does God draw close to man?

A

To seek, know, and love him with all his strength

49
Q

What is ultimate End?

A

That good which completely terminates and satisfies desire

49
Q

What is End?

A

That for the sake of which something is done

49
Q

What is the ultimate end of man?

A

Happiness

49
Q

What is happiness?

A

The perfectly satisfying good of an intellectual nature

49
Q

Which is the PARTICULAR THING which, when possessed by man, perfectly satisfies him, or renders him perfectly happy

A

God

50
Q

What are the 2 types of good?

A

Pure and unlimited good

51
Q

Man’s appetite/desire is perfectly satisfied by?

A

Pure and unlimited good

52
Q

Why is it that no created good nor any sum of created goods perfectly satisfies man’s appetite/desire?

A

Every created and sum of good is finite or limited

53
Q

What is the subjective ultimate end?

A

is the possession of that thing which is man’s perfectly satisfying
good.

53
Q

Why does God perfectly satisfy man?

A

Because God is the infinite good

54
Q

“Thou hast made us for thyself, O God, and our heart is not at rest until it rest in thee”.

A

St. Austin

55
Q

What is the objective ultimate end?

A

is that THING which is man’s perfectly satiating good

56
Q

What is the abstract ultimate end?

A

Happiness or universal good

57
Q

What are the concrete ultimate end of man?

A

Objectively: God, Subjectively: Beatific Vision

58
Q

Why is the desire for God written in the human heart?

A

because man is created by God and for God; and God never ceases to
draw man to himself.

59
Q

Why is man a religious being?

A

Due to different religious expressions

60
Q

What is the definition of religion according to Cicero?

A

“relegere” meaning “to observe attentively”, observance of compliance of rituals.

61
Q

What is the definition of religion according to Macrobius?

A

“relinquere” meaning “handed on to us from the past/from our fore fathers/ ‘traditio’ meaning tradition.”

61
Q

What is the definition of religion according to Lactanious?

A

“religare” meaning “to tie again”

61
Q

What is the definition of religion according to St. Augustine?

A

“re-eligere” meaning to “to elect” or “to choose”. Because when we sin we choose what we want to do

62
Q

What is the real definition of religion according to St. Thomas Aquinas

A

“Est essential liter recta, ordination hominis ad Deum” meaning “is
essentially the right ordination/ordering of man to God.”

62
Q

What are the 2 important definition of experience?

A

As noun and experiential

63
Q

What is experience as noun?

A

Universalized experience

64
Q

What is experience?

A

is a personal immediate knowledge of an internal or external activity.

64
Q

What is experience as experiential?

A

Subjective; can’t be verified by others

64
Q

What is religious experience?

A

it is an immediate knowledge of the transcendent obtained by lived
relationship with the divine.

65
Q

What are the different types of beliefs in God?

A

Polytheism, Henotheism, Monotheism (theism), Pantheism, Panentheism

66
Q

What is henotheism?

A

recognizes a plurality of gods, but restricts allegiance to one god

66
Q

What is polytheism?

A

Plurality of personal gods

67
Q

Monotheism (theism)

A

One God exists

68
Q

What is Pantheism?

A

God is identical with nature or universe as a whole

69
Q

What is panentheism?

A

God is not identical with the universe but must be seen as including the universe

70
Q

What are the near east religions?

A

Judaism, Islam, Christianity

71
Q

What are the far east religions?

A

Hinduism, Buddhism, Shintoism, Taoism, Confucianism

72
Q

What is the focus of near east religions?

A

God as personal and intervenes. Union with God

73
Q

What is the focus of the far east religions?

A

Religious experience as mystical. Divine as impersonal, state of being, and cosmic reality. Focus is on man, God does not intervene.

74
Q

What is ascesis?

A

Concentration of the mind

75
Q

Why is there religious diversity?

A

We can’t completely grasp God. Knowledge of God is prone to error

Rel Ed (7 decks)

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