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Africa > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of culture?

A

A way of life

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2
Q

What is non-material culture?

A

Invisible, intangible aspects of culture

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3
Q

what is material culture?

A

physical, visible elements

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4
Q

religion, faith, perspectives are what type of culture?

A

non-material

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5
Q

How many African Language Families are there?

A

6

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6
Q

What are the African language families?

A

1) Afro-Asiatic or Hamito-Semantic,
2) Nilo-Saharen
3) Koisan
4) Niger-Kongo
5) Malayo-Polynesian
6) Indo-European Family

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7
Q

Arabic is leading language in this branch…?

A

Hamito-Semantic - aka Afro-Asianic

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8
Q

Which is the smallest language family? How many?

A

Koisan, no more than 100,000 speakers

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9
Q

Which language family is sometimes called the “click” language?

A

Koisan

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10
Q

Which two sub-families make up the Niger-Congo - Kordofanian?

A

Niger-Congo and the Kordofanian

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11
Q

Which countries are associated with Anglophone?

A

Liberia,

South Africa

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12
Q

Liberia and South Africa are associated with which language classification?

A

Anglophone

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13
Q

Which countries are classified as Francophone?

A

Togo,

Gabon

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14
Q

Togo and Gabon are classified as what language?

A

Francophone

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15
Q

Which countries are classified as Lusophone?

A

Angola,

Mozambique

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16
Q

Angola and Mozambique are classified as which language?

A

Lusophone

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17
Q

What are the three classifications of standard/official languages?

A

Anglophone,
Francophone,
Lusophone

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18
Q

What is “initiation”?

A

they are rituals designed to impart values to youngsters as their rite of passage into adulthood

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19
Q

when youngsters experience rituals that are supposed to impart values as their rite of passage into adulthood, what is this called?

A

Initiation

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20
Q

Public circumcision is an example of…

A

Initiation

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21
Q

What is the Levirate?

A

A custom in which a man takes the widow(s) and children of a deceased brother

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22
Q

What is the custom called, when a man takes the widow(s) and children of a deceased brother?

A

the Levirate

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23
Q

What is the Sororate?

A

a traditional custom in which a woman takes the place of a deceased sister in the marriage.

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24
Q

When a woman dies, one her sisters takes her place in the marriage - this traditional custom is called what?

A

the sororate

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25
Q

The Aka bra of Kenya practice which traditional African custom?

A

the levirate

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26
Q

the Tswana and Zulu practice which traditional African custom?

A

the sororate

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27
Q

what are some examples of people who practice the levirate?

A

the Aka bra of Kenya

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28
Q

whhat are some examples of people who practice the sororate?

A

Tswana and Zulu

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29
Q

A Bride Price is also known as what?

A

Dowry,

Bride Wealth

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30
Q

A Dowry is also known as what?

A

Bride Wealth,

bride price

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31
Q

the bride wealth is also known as what?

A

bride price,

dowry

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32
Q

What are the reasons for a bride price?

A

1) a token of gratitude by the groom’s family to the bride’s,
2) to compensate the bride’s family for a loss of her services
3) to show a token of good faith
4) to respect the bride and no mistreat her

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33
Q

a token of gratitude for the bride’s family from the groom’s family, this is a…?

A

bride price

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34
Q

to compensate the bride’s family for a loss of her services, this is a reason for …?

A

bride price/wealth,

dowry

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35
Q

to show a bride’s family a good token a faith, this is a …?

A

bride price/wealth,

dowry

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36
Q

to respect the bride, and not mistreat her, this is a …?

A

bride price/wealth,

dowry

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37
Q

What are some reasons for polygamy?

A

a) infertility in women
b) a sign of wealth/affluence
c) economic necessity
d) children as treasure - protect family, perpetuate family name
e) impact of Islam’s reinforcement
f) the custom, in some areas, of avoiding a wife who’s nursing a baby for 2-3 years

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38
Q

a) infertility in women
b) a sign of wealth/affluence
c) economic necessity
d) children as treasure - protect family, perpetuate family name
e) impact of Islam’s reinforcement
f) the custom, in some areas, of avoiding a wife who’s nursing a baby for 2-3 years

these are some reasons people practice…?

A

Polygamy

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39
Q

When the descent is in the male line, this is called what?

A

Patrilineal

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40
Q

When the descent is in the female line, this is called what?

A

matrilineal

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41
Q

an example of a patrilineal is …?

A

when a man is deceased, his property goes to his children, normally the oldest son

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42
Q

When mostly boys only have inheritance rights, this is called what?

A

patrilineal

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43
Q

an example of matrilineal is..?

A

when a man is deceased, the property goes to the children of his sister

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44
Q

when men divide their attention between their wives and children on the one hand, and their sisters and children on the other hand, this falls under…?

A

matrilineal descent/inheritance

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45
Q

what were the religions talked about?

A

Christianity, Islam, Judaism, & traditional

And in East Africa:
Hinduism, Buddism, Shintoism, Taoism

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46
Q

Which religions are found in East Africa?

A

Hinduism, Buddism, Shintoism, Taoism

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47
Q

When was traditional religion founded?

A

there is no founder

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48
Q

which religion has no founder?

A

traditional religion

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49
Q

what percentage of Africa still practices traditional religion?

A

15%

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50
Q

When was Christianity first introduced?

A

the apostolic age, during the 1st century

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51
Q

Where was Christianity first introduced?

A

North Africa

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52
Q

When the last phase Christianity was introduced?

A

as a reaction to the slave trade

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53
Q

Which religion came in 3 phases?

A

Christianity

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54
Q

When was the second phase of the rise of Christianity?

A

the 15th century, when Portuguese were exploring the Atlantic Cost

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55
Q

Christianity came to Africa in how many phases, and started where, and in what century?

A

North Africa, 1st Century

56
Q

Islam came by which two places of of Africa?

A

North - by Jihads and holy wars,

and West Africa thru trade contact

57
Q

Which religion was introduced in North Africa by Jihads and holy wars, and West Africa thru trade contact?

A

Islam

58
Q

Judaism is found where?

A

On a limited basis in North and South Africa

59
Q

What are the 3 religious systems in Africa?

A

1) traditional religious systems
2) Christianity
3) Islam

60
Q

What were the sub division/denominations of African Christianity?

A

Ethiopian type churches,
Spirit type churches,
Messianic type churches

61
Q

When did Ethiopian type churches emerge?

A

end of 19th century, beginning of 20th century

62
Q

which Christian denomination emerged at the end of the 19th, beginning of the 20th century?

A

Ethiopian type church

63
Q

Which church is characterized by a prophetic leader?

A

Messianic type church

64
Q

what are the characteristics of the Ethiopian type churches?

A
  • it was essentially a protest movement against the oppressive colonial regimes,
  • Found mostly in Eastern and Southern Africa,
  • nonprophetic (doesn’t believe in prophets)
  • doesn’t emphasize the Holy Spirit
65
Q

Which Christian church type is concerned with the destruction of social African cultural, and with practical benefits of religion than with salvation in the after life?

A

Spirit Type Churches

66
Q

Which church is also called Zion churches?

A

Spirit Type Churches

67
Q

Simon Kimbanyu, and the church he founded called The Church of Jesus Christ on This Earth, fall under which type of church?

A

Messianic Church

68
Q

How was Islam introduced in West Africa?

A

Trade Contact

69
Q

How was Islam introduced to North Africa?

A

Jihads and Holy Wars

70
Q

What makes Islam appealing to some Africans?

A

It accommodates African values more than other religions - like polygamy

71
Q

What are the various forms of African Literature?

A

1) Proverbs and riddles
2) Myths and Legends
3) Folktales and Popular Stories
4) Poetry

72
Q

What are the characteristics of Proverbs and Riddles?

A

They convey the accepted social norms

73
Q

Which form of African Literature conveys the accepted social norms?

A

Proverbs and Riddles

74
Q

Myths and Legends are about:

A

a) belief in the supernatural

b) history and origins of people and society

75
Q

which form of African literature conveys belief in the supernatural, and history and origins of people and society?

A

Myths and Legends

76
Q

Folktales are regarded as:

A

Ficiton

77
Q

Which African Literature is regarded as Fiction?

A

Folktales

78
Q

the spider, the tortoise, and the hare, are an example of which type of African Literature?

A

Folktales

79
Q

In West Africa, the spider is called:

A

Anansi

80
Q

Anansi, is the name for what?

A

the spider in the folktale

81
Q

What are the different types of poetry?

A

1) narrative epic
2) occupational poetry
3) love songs
4) cult poetry

82
Q

narrative epic, occupational, love songs, and cult, are all types of:

A

Poetry

83
Q

What are the characteristics of a narrative epic?

A
  • has a chanted formula,
  • takes several days to perform
  • talk about the historical legend dealing with conquerors and founders of dynasty
84
Q

a chanted formula, takes several days to perform, and talks about historical legend dealing with conquerors and founders of dynasty - these are the characteristics of what?

A

narrative epic

85
Q

occupational poetry - what’s the characteristics?

A

belongs to a group practicing a trade or vocation

86
Q

this belongs to a group practicing a trade or vocation -

A

occupational poetry

87
Q

cult poetry is what?

A
  • rituals for the divinities or oracles,

- celebrates the forces of nature used in the practice of traditional medicine

88
Q

rituals for the divinities or oracles are called what, and the celebration of the forces of nature used in the practice of traditional medicine - this is called what?

A

cult poetry

89
Q

Who wrote “Things Fell Apart”?

A

Chinua Achebe

90
Q

Chinua Achebe wrote which most famous classic in 1993?

A

Things Fell Apart

91
Q

Other Achebe Novels are what?

A

Arrow of God,
No Longer at Ease,
A Man of the People,
Anhills of the Savanna

92
Q

Which Author won a nobel prize in 1986?

A

Wole Soyinka

93
Q

Thomas Mofolo authored which books?

A

Travelers of the East,
Chaka the Zulu
-They were written in African language

94
Q

Thomas Mofolo’s books have what unique characteristic?

A

they were written in African language

95
Q

In East Africa, the leading author Ngugi W’a Thiongo authored what books?

A 
Weep Not Child,
The River Between,
Grain of Wheat,
Petals of Blood,
Devil on the Cross - which deals with sexual harassment
96
Q

What is Negritude?

A

African Literature written in French

97
Q

What is African Literature, written in French called?

A

Negritude

98
Q

Creates feelings of pride for being black?

A

the objective of Negritude

99
Q

Leopard Senghor was an advocate for what?

A

Negritude

100
Q

Negritude’s advocate what:

A

Leopard Senghor

101
Q

Negritude characteristics:

A
  • seeks to identify positive African values,
  • puts an emphasis on Pan Africanism
  • was a reaction to colonial literature,
  • became anti-colonial ideology,
  • took the slogan -“a leopard can’t change it’s spots,
  • Came as part of the Harlem Renaissance
102
Q

“a leopard can’t change it’s spots” is associated with:

A

Negritude

103
Q

This was a reaction to colonial literature:

A

Negritude

104
Q

This put an emphasis on Pan Africanism

A

Negritude

105
Q

What were the main African instruments?

A

chordophones,
idiophones,
aerophones,
membranophones

106
Q

chordophones have which type of instruments?

A

stringed instruments

107
Q

idiophones have this type of instrument:

A

anything made of elastic material - resonant solids

108
Q

some idiophones are:

A

rattles, bells, mbira - or thumb piano, xylphone

109
Q

rattles, bells, mbira, xylophones are:

A

idiophones

110
Q

stringed instruments are:

A

chordophones

111
Q

drums are:

A

membranophones

112
Q

something that produces sound through air vibrations is called:

A

aerophones

113
Q

how many african art traditions did we talk about?

A

5

114
Q

What were the art traditions we talked about?

A

1) craftsmaking,
2) royal art,
3) nok culture,
4) glyptic art,
5) architectural art

115
Q

what are the standards, or characteristics of Art?

A

1) smoothness
2) Symmetry
3) Ephibism - emphasis on youthful image
4) Hypermimesis - general resemblance instead of exact representation

116
Q

smoothness, symmetry, ephibism, and hypermimesis are all what?

A

the standards for African art

117
Q

which languages are being used as national regional languages?

A

A) Hausa in West Africa

B) Swahili, or Kiswahili in East Africa

118
Q

Hausa and Swahili, or Kiswahili or what?

A

National regional languages

119
Q

an example of a monolingual is

A

Arabic, North Africa - except Algeria

120
Q

Arabic, North Africa - except Algeria is an example of

A

monolingual

121
Q

examples of bilingual is

A

Camaroun and South Africa

122
Q

an example of a multilingual country is:

A

Senegal and Nigeria

123
Q

Senegal and Nigeria are what lingual?

A

multilingual

124
Q

The most important language in North Africa

A

Afro-Asiatic

125
Q

This language family includes languages spoken in Asia (middle east) and North Africa

A

Afro-Asiatic

126
Q

This language family is spoken alongside the nile & Niger, in chad - western Sudan, and Uganda - Western Kenya

A

Nilo-Saharan

127
Q

mostly spoken by the koikoi and San of South Eastern Africa

A

Koisan

128
Q

Koisan is spoken by

A

the khoikhoi and San of South Eastern Africa

129
Q

The Kordofanian subfamily is spoken where?

A

the Nubia Hills of Southern Sudan

130
Q

This is spoken in the Nubia Hills of Southern Sudan

A

Kordofanian subfamily - 30 languages

131
Q

Which subfamily covers almost all of Africa below the Sahara desert?

A

Niger-Congo

132
Q

3 out of 4 speakers belongs to this sub family

A

Niger-Congo

133
Q

the bantu, west sudanic language, kwa branch, west atlantic branch all fall under:

A

the Niger-Congo subfamily

134
Q

an example of Malayo-Polynesian subfamily language?

A

Malagasy in Madagascar

135
Q

Indo/European family has how many members and what are they?

A

2, English and Afrikaans

136
Q

English and Afrikaans are indiginous to where? and are a part of which subfamily?

A

South Africa,
Zimbabwe,
Liberia,
and Indo/European family

Africa (5 decks)

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