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Africa > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

How many types of political economy are there, and what are they?

A

2-3

  1. Variations of Afro-socialism
  2. Capitalism
  3. many nations have mixed economy - elements of both.
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2
Q

Which countries practices ‘variations of Afro-socialism’?

A

Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Tanzania.

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3
Q

which countries practice capitalism?

A

Kenya, Ivory Coast, South Africa

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4
Q

which countries have stable governments?

A 
Botswana
Mauritius
Senegal
Swazi land
Tanzania
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5
Q

which types of government are there?

A
  1. single part regims
  2. Monarchs
  3. Multipart Democracies
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6
Q

which countries practice democracy?

A
  1. Botswana,
  2. Maurtitius,
  3. Senegal since 1978,
  4. South Africa since 1994,
  5. Ghana.
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7
Q

ordinary citizens began to challenge dictatorships in what year?

A

late 80s early 90s

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8
Q

what were the reasons ordinary citizens began to challenge dictatorships?

A
  1. Public could not endure political repression any longer.
  2. Motivated by the democratic revolutions in Eastern Europe.
  3. The fall of communism made it easier to oppose one party dictatorships.
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9
Q

from a historical perspective, what were the problems in African politics?

A

1) Political patronage –> Using state resources for the benefit of allies and relatives.
2) The fragile relations among various ethnic groups.
3) Some of the political difficulties are due to the colonial legacy.

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10
Q

when were many undemocratic regimes openly challenged?

A

By 1989

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11
Q

what was another serious political problem Africa faced in this particular decade?

A

military rule - in the 60s

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12
Q

when were many dictators removed from power?

A

1990-2002

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13
Q

what are some examples of dictators that were removed?

A

1) In the late 1990s dictators were removed by force in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Liberia.
2) In February 1999, in Nigeria, after 15 years of military government, a new civilian President was democratically elected.
3) In December 2002, after nearly 40 years of one-party rule in Kenya, a new Parliament and President were elected in free, open, multi party democratic election.

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14
Q

what does UAM stand for?

A

Union of the Arab Maghreb.

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15
Q

What is UAM made up of?

A

Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia

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16
Q

what the EAC stand for?

A

East African Community

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17
Q

what does ECOWAS stand for?

A

Economic Community of West African States

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18
Q

what does SADC stand for?

A

The Southern African Development Community

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19
Q

what does NAM stand for?

A

Non Aligned Movement

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20
Q

what does OAU stand for?

A

Organization of African Unity

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21
Q

when was the EAC inaugurated?

A

2001

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22
Q

when was ECOWAS formed?

A

1975

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23
Q

when was SADC formed?

A

1980

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24
Q

when was the OAU formed?

A

1963

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25
Q

what countries made up the old EAC?

A

Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania

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26
Q

when did the old EAC collapse?

A

mid-70s

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27
Q

who was the newest member of SADC?

A

South Africa

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28
Q

this organization was formed to coincide with Zimbabwe’s independence…

A

SADC

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29
Q

why were all the regional organizations formed?

A

to promote integration

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30
Q

This organization was an economic organization..

A

ECOWAS

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31
Q

what were the objectives of ECOWAS?

A

1) Promote intra-regional trade - “intra” means trade within itself.
2) Common regional currency

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32
Q

What are the objectives of SADC?

A

1) Co-ordinate transport services and industrial development.
2) Another regional agency is the African Development Bank.

3) It offers:
a) Grants and
b) Loans for development projects.

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33
Q

what does NAM advocate?

A

a) independence and

b) neutrality for developing nations.

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34
Q

this organization encouraged them not to become either pro-East or Pro - West during the Cold War.

A

NAM

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35
Q

This organization was formed out of 2 bloc nations…

A

OAU

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36
Q

what are the 2 bloc nations that form ___?

A

the radical Casablanca bloc

and the conservative Monrovia group

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37
Q

what are the 4 institutions the OAU involved?

A
  1. The Assembly of Head of State and Government.
  2. The Council of Ministers
  3. The General Secretariat.
    - the actual building.
  4. The commission of Mediation, Conciliation and Arbitration.
    - Its main mission: to help African states settle all disputes by peaceful means.
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38
Q

this organization pledged to eradicate all forms of colonialism and racism in Africa

A

OAU

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39
Q

what does AU stand for?

A

African Union

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40
Q

How many institutions were in the AU?

A

17

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41
Q

what does NEPAD stand for?

A

New Partnership for Africa’s Development

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42
Q

when was NEPAD established?

A

1991

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43
Q

this orginzation replaced the OAU

A

the AU

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44
Q

When was the OAU replaced?

A

2002, the AU

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45
Q

This organization gained recognition from the UN…

A

OAU

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46
Q

who was the secretary general of Africa, for how long?

A

Kofi Annan, 10 years

47
Q

What made Kofi Annan significant?

A
  1. he was awarded the nobel peace prize in 2001

2. he received the Philadelphia Liberty Prize

48
Q

where was Kofi Annan from?

A

Ghana

49
Q

what did African leaders establish to be done by 2025?

A

in 1991, African leaders adopted a treaty to establish an Africa Economic Community by 2025.

50
Q

the name and target of the single African currency?

A

Afro, 2028

51
Q

What causes regional conflict?

A
  • 1) Border disputes
    • 2) Ethnic disputes
    • 3) Religious differences
    • 4) Ideological differences.
52
Q

what is the official language of Sudan?

A

Arabic

53
Q

what caused the regional conflict in Sudan?

A

ethnic and religious differences between the Arab and Muslim North and the non-Arab, non-Muslim South

54
Q

what caused the conflict in Somalia?

A
  1. war

2. inter-clan conflict

55
Q

what is the dominant religion in Somalia? what percentage?

A

Muslim, 99%

56
Q

When did the U.S. go into Somalia?

A

1992 - Operation Restore Hope

57
Q

These two ethnic groups make up Rwanda - what are they and percentage?

A

Hutu - 90%

Tutsi - 10%

58
Q

what is the official language of Ethiopia?

A

Amharric

59
Q

what was the outcome of the 30 year civil war?

A

Eritrea became independent in 1993

60
Q

what is the official language of Chad?

A

French

61
Q

which religious groups make up Chad?

A

Muslims in the north, Christians in the South

62
Q

civil war in Chad due to ..

A

regional and religious differences

63
Q

Why are the major powers interested in Chad?

A

Qaddafi.

  • It has potential mineral wealth
  • vast deposits of uranium and petroleum
64
Q

China built which railway in the 1970s?

A

Tanzam or Tazara line.

65
Q

in which societies are women under the control of men?

A

The Tswana and Shona people of Zimbabwe

66
Q

Where can women be chiefs?

A

among the Mende and Serbo of Sierra Leone

67
Q

Where were there “headwomen”?

A

among the Tonga of Zambia

68
Q

Who were the women warriors?

A

a) Queen Amina of Housaland
b) Queen Nzinga of Angola
c) The Amazons

69
Q

what are the 5 problems facing women in Africa?

A
  1. Women as group suffer more hardships and have access to fewer resources and opportunities than men.
  2. Unable to get jobs on their own, many women support themselves by selling food to domestic services to men.
  3. women are clustered in certain typical careers.
  4. women are largely excluded from the most important political positions
  5. some customs undermine the rights of women.
70
Q

what are the remedies to these problems?

A
  1. Women in Africa have formed associations to provide credit and childcare
  2. operating their own small business in trading, food processing, and real estate within the informal sector
  3. Many African governments have created Special Women’s Bureus
    * e.g.: Cameroun, Gabon, Lesotho, Zambia, Kenya, Ghana
  4. To help improve the status of women in the developing nations, the U.S. congress passed a law in the 1970s called the: Percy Amendment.
    • It requires “a woman’s impact statement” from developing countries receiving US aid.
  5. In Tanzania, a proportion of seats in the legislature is reserved for women
  6. polygamy is forbidden in the Ivory Coast
71
Q

What’s the remedy to women’s problems that Senegal introduced?

A

They have introduced 4 reforms

  * a) women cannot be married without their consent (i.e. no more arranged marriages)
  * b) A man cannot marry an additional wife or wives without the consent of his first wife.
  * c) Men can no longer repudiate their wives - a judge must grant a divorce.
  * d) It has abolished female circumcision.
72
Q

These countries have abolished female circumcision:

A
  1. Burkina Faso
    1. Central African Republic
    2. Djibouti
    3. Ghana
    4. Guinea
    5. Kenya
    6. Togo
73
Q

what is the size of Gambia?

A

the smallest country in Africa

74
Q

what does Gambia’s economy depend on?

A

tourism

75
Q

what happened between Gambia and Senegal, when?

A

in 1983, formed a confederation with Senegal called Senegambia

76
Q

This country is the world’s third largest producer of coffee

A

Ivory Coast

77
Q

The largest producer of Cocoa in the world?

A

Ivory Coast

78
Q

this country has a capitalist or free market economy

A

Ivory Coast

79
Q

what’s significant about Cameroun’s geography?

A

Its mountains divide West Africa from Central Africa - AKA the “Hinge of Africa”

80
Q

Who was the missionary in Gabon?

A

Albert Schueitzer

81
Q

This man was awarded a nobel prize for his service to the poor:

A

Albert Schueitzer

82
Q

This is the most populous nation in Africa:

A

Nigeria

83
Q

this is the most densely populated nation in Africa:

A

Rwanda

84
Q

the nation that is a major world oil producer:

A

Nigeria

85
Q

What type of democracy did Nigeria return to? when?

A

multiparty democracy 1999

86
Q

the largest democracy in Africa?

A

Nigeria

87
Q

when was Nigeria’s president elected?

A

1999

88
Q

called the “showcase of capitalism”

A

Kenya

89
Q

capital city of Kenya?

A

Nairobi

90
Q

What is Kenya’s major source of foreign exchange?

A

tourism

91
Q

What U.S. military facility is in the Kenya’s capital, Nairobi?

A

the U.S. Embassy - it was attacked in 1998

92
Q

the U.S. navy uses which port in Kenya?

A

port of Mombasa, for the the Indian Ocean Fleet

93
Q

which two attacks coincided in Kenya?

A
  1. bombings at the US embassy in Tanzania

2. The bombing at the US embassy in Nairobi

94
Q

when and how did Zimbabwe become independent?

A

1980, after a long and painful war of liberation

95
Q

In Zimbabwe, what two events contributed to it’s independence?

A
  1. in 1965, the “Unilateral Declaration of Independence” - minority settlers declared independence
  2. In 1979, Margaret Thatcher convered the Lancaster House Conference in London
96
Q

Rhodesia was the previous name for:

A

Zimbabwe

97
Q

official languages of South Africa?

A

English and Afrikaans

98
Q

Who are the indigenous people in South Africa?

A

The Sans

99
Q

what is the commercial capital of South Africa?

A

Pretoria

100
Q

what is the legislative capital of South Africa?

A

Cape Town

101
Q

what is apartheid?

A

a policy or system in South Africa segration with race

102
Q

Under apartheid, people were classified into what?

A

4 races: white, black, colored, asian/indian

103
Q

When did the apartheid come into affect?

A

1948

104
Q

what happened to the apartheid?

A

people resisted it

105
Q

what was the main anti-apartheid called?

A

African National Congree - ANC

106
Q

how many racial categories were under the apartheid?

A

4

107
Q

what is the richest, most industrialized society in Africa?

A

South Africa

108
Q

biggest producer of gold?

A

South Africa

109
Q

when was Nelson Mandela released?

A

1990

110
Q

when was Mandela elected president?

A

1994

111
Q

What were Mandela’s awards?

A
  1. Phily Liberty Medal
  2. Nobel Peace Prize
  3. 1998 - awarded honorary degree from Harvard Univeristy
  4. 1998 - Congressional Gold Medal
  5. 2001 - Honorary citizenship of Canada
112
Q

From what dates was Namibia a colony?

A

1884-1919

113
Q

Namibia’s independence…

A

has something to do with South Africa’s apartheid

114
Q

what arethe 4 major cities of South Africa?

A
  1. Johannesburg
  2. Pretoria
  3. Cape Town
  4. Bloem Fontem

Africa (5 decks)

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