Exam 2 Prep - History Of Africa Flashcards
When did Islam come into Africa?
7th century AD. When Arabs conquered the area
What are the Leakeys?
archaeological evidence discovered in Africa about earlier forms human beings
What were the 3 major accomplishments of the Egyptians? When?
a highley centralized and beaurocratic government, tool-Making technology, the Pyramids, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom
What were the other names Nubia had?
- Ta Seti, Yam or Wawat - to the Egyptians
- Meroe -capital city for 1000 years
- Aethiopia -known to the Greeks and Romans
- Abysinia
- Kush
describe Axum’s geographic location
It was nurtured, protected/safeguarded by high mountains and deserts
the first W. Sudanese empire to emerge?
Ghana
Who destroyed the ancient Ghana empire?
the Almoravids
When was ancient Ghana’s capital city destroyed?
1076 - by the Almoravids
When did ancient Ghana become famous?
10th century AD
Who founded ancient Mali?
Sundiata
Who was Mansa Musa?
the person who made the ancient Mali empire famous
What did Mansa Musa do?
- ruled during the “Golden Era”
- went on a pilgrimage which made Mali popular and advertised its wealth
- greatest accomplishment was establishing 2 universities
Who ruled the ancient empire of Songhai?
Askia Mohammed
Who destroyed the empire of Songhai?
Morrocan Army in 1951
Who was the dynasty of Kanem-Borno?
Saifawa dynasty
Describe the relationship between the Ashanti Kingdom and the Akan states
The Ashanti Kingdom was the most powerful of the Akan states
What did the Benign empire become famous for?
it’s sculpture of bronze
Which empire became famous for it’s sculpture of bronze?
Benign empire
What was unique about the military of Dahomey?
The Amazons - a regiment of fierce women warriors who were the backbone of the milirary
The Amazons were part of which empire?
Dahomey
What does Zimbabwe mean?
“House of Stones”
What word means “House of Stones”?
Zimbabwe
Alfonso I was know for what?
being a king of the Kongo kingdom and having a relationship with the Portuguese
Which Kongo kingdom king had a relationship with the Portuguese?
Alfonso I
The monarch of Rwanda went by what title?
Mwami
What is Mwami?
The title the monarch of Rwanda went by
How did East Africa differ from the rest of the continent?
It didn’t have empires or kingdoms. Instead it developed a series of coastal civilizations.
Which part of Africa had a series of coastal civilizations?
East Africa
What were stateless societies?
societies without centralized government, equality for all citizens, and no chiefs or kings
societies without centralized government, equality for all citizens, and no chiefs or kings - what were these societies called?
stateless societies
list some stateless societies
Berbers, Pygmies, Ibo, Amba, Namib
Berbers, Pygmies, Ibo, Amba, Namib - these are all a part of what type of society?
stateless society
When did the Europeans arrive in South Saharent Africa?
1415
What happened in 1415?
the Europeans arrived in Soft Saharent Africa - specifically the Portuguese
In 1652, what were Dutch called?
the Boers
Who were the Boers?
the Dutch that arrived in 1652
Who was the Dominant Colonial power?
Britain
How did Britain rank compared to other colonial powers?
It was the most dominant
Who founded the Zulu Kingdom?
Shaka
When was the Zulu Kingdom founded?
1818
What kingdom did Shaka found?
the Zulu kingdom
Which kingdoms, excluding the Zulu, were in S. Africa?
the Swazi kingdom of Sobhuza
the Sotho kingdom of Prince Moshoeshoe
The Swazi and Sotho kingdoms emerged where?
Southern Africa
Who were the European missionaries in S. Africa?
Prester John
Dr. David Livingstone, who discovered Victoria Falls
Who discovered Victoria Falls?
Dr. David Livingstone
Who went missing in Africa?
A missionary named Prester John
When did the Conference of Berlin happen?
1884-85
What significant event happened in 1884-85?
The conference of Berlin
What is Indirect Rule?
A method the British used to govern colonial policy through traditional rulers
A British policy used to to govern African colonial societies - what’s this called?
Indirect Rule
What is the opposite of Indirect Rule?
Assimilation
Assimilation is the opposite of what?
Indirect rule
What is assimilation?
A french policy that relied on white frenchmen to teach and model french culture to African pupils
The French tried to convert Africans into French civilizations by the use of which policy?
Assimilation
How many trading zones were set-up by the Europeans in Africa?
4
Who set up trading zones in Africa, and how many were there?
Europeans, 4
What names have been associated to the slave trade?
“The Triangular Trade”, “Middle Passage”, “middlemen”?
The “Triangular Trade” is also known as as
The Slave Trade
How many routes were used in the Slave Trade?
4
When did the Slave Trade get underway?
16th Century
A departure point of African slaves
Gorée Island
What significance does Gorée Island hold?
It was a very active departure point for African slaves
Where were the African slave departure points?
from Senegal to South Eastern Africa
What happened from Senegal to South Eastern Africa?
Africans were being departed for slavery
What was the “middle passage”?
A route used to transport slaves
What were Africa’s reason to justify slavery?
- It made widespread use of slaves for domestic and military service -this made it easier to export people considered redundant
- to boost revenue - large empire
- slaves were not dehumanized in Africa (only in America), but were given rights and protections - it was assumed that the Americas had something similar
- Africans were well developed in agriculture and livestock, which made them desirable
What was America’s reason to justify slavery?
Supposedly Americans were going to convert their slaves to Christianity
Where and when did the first anti-slavery movement emerge?
Pennsylvania, 1775
What happened in Pennsylvania in 1775
The first anti-slavery movement emerged
When was slavery finally abolished?
After the civil war, 1864, by the 13th amendment
In the year 1864, what happened in the US?
Slavery was abolished
What is the relationship between Liberia and the US history?
Liberia was founded by the American Colonization Society (ACS) in 1822 to resettle freed slaves from the US
What does ACS stand for and what significance does it have?
American Colonization Society, and it founded Liberia in 1822, to resettle freed slaves from the US
What happened in 1822?
Liberia was founded by the American Colonization Society (ACS)
Why was Liberia founded?
To serve as a place freed slaves from the US could resettle
Aside from Liberia, where else were freed slaves sent to?
Sierra Leone - founded by England
Gabon - became a haven for freed slaves by the French
Sierra Leone was founded by which country for freed slaves?
England
Gabon became a haven for freed slaves thanks to which country?
France
England founded _______ to serve as a place to send freed slaves to
Sierra Leone
France sent freed slaves to ______
Gabon
Ghana became independent in what year?
1957
Which country became independent in 1957?
Ghana
The French colonies became independent in what year?
1960
The Francophone states or colonies became independent in what year?
1960
Agola became independent in what year?
1975
Zimbabwe became independent in what year?
1980
Namibia became independent in what year?
1990
South Africa became independent in what year?
1994
Which country became independent in 1994?
South Africa
Which country gained independence in 1990?
Namibia
Which country became independent in 1980?
Zimbabwe
Which country became independent in 1975?
Agola
What time span of dates of independence, for certain counties, are you suppose to know?
1957-1995
The first country to gain independence?
Ghana, 1957
What was the most recent African state to gain independence?
South Africa, 1994
Which countries created places for freed slaves to be sent to?
US, England, France
The 3 Stone Ages are…
Early, Middle, Late
In which Stone Age did people become skilled in hunting and gathering?
Late Stone Age
The Late Stone Age is know for what?
Being the time period in which people began to become skilled hunters and gatherers
What did archaeologists discover in Africa?
“Leakeys”
What is “Leakeys”?
archaeological evidence discovered in Africa about earlier forms human beings
What were the earlier forms of human beings called?
Homo-Africanus
Who were the Homo-Africanus?
The earlier forms of human beings
What significance does the Rift Valley hold?
It contains the Olduvai gorge - where human life probably started
What significance does the Olduvai gorge have?
in all probability, this is where human life began
Which famous group of people settled in Africa in 814 BC?
the Phoenicians
The Phoenicians settled into Africa when?
814 BC
The Phoenicians were from where?
the Middle East
What happened when Cleopatra died?
Greek and Hellenistic culture died
Cyrenaica was a famous settlement of the….
Greeks
Cyrenaica was established in what year?
631 BC
Which group of people introduced Christianity to North Africa?
The Greeks
The Greeks introduced what religion to North Africa?
Christianity
The Saifawa was the dynasty of which kingdom?
Kanem-Borno
Aflonso ruled which kingdom?
Kongo
What year was the Songhai Empire destroyed?
1951
Exhibitions are where?
Boston, Chicago, Pennsylvania, Toronto
