Midterm Exam Flashcards
Evidence Based Practice
practice based on best available evidence, patient preference, and clinical judgement
EBP components
- research based information
- clinical expertise
- patient preference
EBP barriers
- organizational
- individual
- research related
organizational barriers
lack of resources
resistant to change
individual barriers
lack value / knowledge about EBP and research
resistant to change
lack of skills to obtain evidence
research related barriers
communication gap b/t researcher and clinician
writing associated with research reports
lack of dissemination of research findings
level I research
summarizes more than one study
-meta analysis
-summaries
-synopses
-systemic review / quasi-experiment
-clinical practice guidelines
level II research
randomized controlled trials
-randomly assigned experimental / control groups
meta analysis
research method that estimates effect of intervention by using statistics
level III research
quasi experimental designs
-lack randomization
level IV research
correlational design
cohort studies
case-control studies
quantitive findings from mixed design
correlational designs
non-experimental design used to study relationships among 2 or more variables
-no randomization
cohort studies
focus on specific population
case-control studies
specific to disease or illness
quantitive findings from mixed method design
survey’s
level V research
consists of syntheses : non-experimental design
-integrative review
integrative review
scholarly papers including published non-experimental studies
level VI research
descriptive research
-descriptive study designs
-qualitative findings from mixed methods
-single qualitative studies
-EBP projects
-quality improvement projects
-case studies
-concept analysis
quality improvement projects
relative to specific organization
level VII
evidence from opinions of authorities , reports of expert committees, manufacturer’s recommendations
-narrative reviews : pick papers that only support your study
abstract
provides overview of the study , 100-150 words
keywords
5-10 keywords that represent the article
introduction
background of research problem , purpose of study –> need to address the significance of the study
literature review
previous recent studies –> what is known about the problem?
method
study design , sample , measurement tools , process of data collection , analysis methods
result
findings from data analysis , description
discussion
interpretation of results , limitations
conclusion
summary of findings , suggestions , implication
references
listed of cited articles
research article components
title
abstract
introduction
keywords
literature review
method
result
discussion
conclusion
reference
descriptive resesarch
no interventions , description of natural setting
explanatory research
explains relationships among variables
-between 2 things
predictive research
predicts differences with intervention
quantitive reserach
uses statistics , presented in tables and graphs
-uses numbers
qualitative research
non-numerical , gets meaning from words
mixed method research
quantitative + qualitative
longitudinal research
data collected at multiple points overtime
cross-sectional research
data gathered once
-cannot tell time difference
associative hypothesis
relation / association / correlation
-can be directional
-positive correlation
-negative correlation (inverse)
casual hypothesis
affecting from one IV to other DV
-affects positively / negatively
simple hypothesis
describes relationship between two variables
-lung cancer and smoking
complex hypothesis
three or more variables
-obesity associated with food , exercise , environment
null hypothesis
there is NO relationship between variables
-light color has NO effect on plant growth
research / alternative hypothesis
relationship does exist between variables
-light color affects plant growth
independent variable
influences the DV
dependent variable
influenced by the IV
confounding variable
interfere with relationship between IV and DV
research question
comes from
-personal clinical experience
-professional literature , previous research
-current nursing theories
-national initiatives
formulating research question
- who , what , when , where , why , how
- population
- setting
- problem
- intervention
- method
a research question must be what….
specific and measurable
population
refers to all members of a group of interest
accessible population
part of population you can access
sample
part of accessible population you will investigate
sampling frame
list of all possible elements in accessible population
sample must …
represent population to maximize generalizability and reliability
research
planned and systematic activity that leads to new knowledge or discovery to solutions / problems
-uses systematic approach
change process
- collaboration
- action
- receptivity
- process
- translation
- improved health outcomes
research process steps
- identify research question
- conduct literature review
- identify theoretical framework
- select research design
- implement the study
- analyze data
- draw conclusion
- tell findings
inductive reasoning
thinking that moves from particular to general
-generate theories that propose new relationships
-qualitative research
deductive reasoning
thinking that moves from general to particular
-produce generalizations
-quantitative research
-test hypotheses
study hypotheses
formal statements about expected / predicted relationships between 2 or more variables
-tested and measurable
-include variables of interest
probability sampling methods
simple random sampling
systematic sample
stratified sample
cluster sample
simple random sampling
randomly selecting elements from accessible population
systematic sample
selecting every 5th / 6th / etc. is selected from numbered list of elements in accessible population
-starting point is randomly selected
stratified sample
selecting elements from accessible population that has been divided into groups
-gender, income, etc.
cluster sample
random selection of groups
non-probability sampling
snowball sample
quota sample
judgement sample
convenience sample
snowball sample
recruitment of participants by word of mouth or referrals from other participants
quota sampling
you select people for research
judgement sample
used in qualitative research , picking someone for a purpose
convenience sample
bias risk , people are selected because they approach you or are easy to access
research recruitment
-contacting / enrolling participants in a study
-must screen participants
-participants must represent population
-maximize retention
-see why some individuals chose to not participate
