Midterm Drugs Flashcards
Ceftriaxone
MOA: binds PBP and blocks transpeptidation of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls
TU: MSSA and Strep plus some Gram - coverage
Vancomycin
MOA: binds D-Ala-D-Ala to prevent NAM/NAG-peptide subunites into peptidoglycan, blocks transglycocylation
TU: broad Gram + coverage including MRSA, used in empiric Tx w/ ceftriaxone in endocarditis
Penicillin G
MOA: bind PBP and blocks transpeptidation of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls
TU: strep (basically) and some other Gram + organisms
Amoxicillin
MOA: amino-beta-lactam: binds PBP and blocks transpeptidation of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls
TU: strep and some Gram -
Other: given in conjunction w/ clavulinate
Alteplase
MOA: tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), activates plasminogen -> plasmin to break down clot
TU: ischemic stroke
Adverse: hemorrhage, usually contradicted in endocarditis
Morphine
MOA: acts on mu receptors of neurons
TU: pain
Adverse: respiratory depression, constipation
Nitroglycerine
MOA: guanylyl cyclase, increase cGMP, increased MLC phosphatase, increased MLC dephosphoylation, smooth muscle dilation (veins > arteries)
TU: angina, MI
Adverse: reflex tachycardia
Clopidogrel
MOA: ADP-receptor antagonist, inhibits platelet activation
TU: post-MI anticoagulation
Adverse: hemorrhage
Heparin
MOA: increases activity of antithrombin III, inhibits thrombin, blocks conversion of fibrinogen -> fibrin, stops/slows thrombus formation
TU: acute anticoagulation, MI
Adverse: hemorrhage
Eptifibatide
MOA: Factor IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor on activated platelets and inhibits binding of fibrinogen
TU: post-MI anticoagulation therapy
Aspirin
MOA: irreversibly binds COX1/2 on platelets, blocks thromboxane A2 formation -> inhibits platelet aggregation
TU: MI
Statins
MOA: inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
TU: dyslipidemia
Enalapril
Lisinopril
MOA: ACE inhibitor, decreased aldosterone release, decreased Na reabsorption in kidney, decreased blood volume and preload
TU: post MI management, chronic CHF
Adverse: cough, angioedema
Metoprolol
Propranolol
MOA: metoprolol: β1 antagonist
propanolol: nonselective β1 and β2 antagonist
TU: post-MI management, chronic CHF
Isosorbide
MOA: converted to nitro, same MOA
TU: same as nitro
Other: longer t1/2 than nitro
Hydralazine
MOA: same as nitro, but arteries > veins
TU: HTN during pregnancy
Furosemide
MOA: NKCC symporter antagonist, decreases Na reabsorption and water reabsorption, decreased preload
TU: acute CHF
Eplerenone
Spirinolactone
MOA: aldosterone receptor antagonist, decrease Na+ reabsorption and water reabsorption, decreased preload
Adverse: gynecomastia (spirinolactone) because of anti-adrenergic effects
Digoxin
MOA: inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase, indirectly affects Na+/Ca2+ antiporter, increases intracellular Ca2+, increasing contractility in myocytes and prolonging phase 4 of pacemaker cells –> negative chronotrope
TU: acute CHF, refractory CHF
Pargyline
MOA: monoamine oxidase inhibitor
TU: depression
Adverse: HTN
Cocaine, Imipramine
MOA: block NE axoplasmic reuptake pump
TU: local anesthesia (cocaine), depression (imipramine)
Tyramine, Amphetamine, Ephedrine
MOA: axoplasmic NE reuptake pump reversal
Reserpine
MOA: blocks NE transport back into vesicles
Guanethidine, Guanadrel
MOA: reversal of vesicular NE reuptake pumps
