CV Function in Pathological Situations--Nordgren

Question 1

Circulatory shock

etiology

Answer 1

severe reduction in blood supply to body tissues

Question 2

Arterial pressure in circulatory shock

Answer 2

low

Question 3

Danger of low arterial pressure in cirulatory shock

Answer 3

low arterial pressure

loss of consciousness

Question 4

mean arterial pressure =

Answer 4

MAP = CO x TPR

Question 5

What causes circulatory shock?

Answer 5

depressed myocardial function

low mean filling pressure

profound systemic vasodilation

Question 6

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 6

cardiac pumping compromised

severe arrhythmias, abrupt valve malfunction, MI

Question 7

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 7

bleeding, diahrea

Question 8

Anaphylactic shock

Answer 8

arterial dialation

decreased CO and TPR

Question 9

Septic shock

Answer 9

endotoxin –> NO synthase

Question 10

Neurogenic shock

Answer 10

loss of vascular tone

loss of sympathetic tone

reflex response to deep pain, anesthesia, vasovagal syncope

Question 11

Etiology

pallor, cold clammy skin, rapid HR, muscle weakness, venous constriction

Answer 11

increased sympathetic tone

Question 12

Autotransfusion

Answer 12

increased TPR

decreased hydrostatic pressure in capillaries

more reabsorption occurs from peripheral tissues

Question 13

Decompensetory mechanisms for circulatory shock

Answer 13

overwhelming vasoconstriction

(permenant organ tissue damage)

Question 14

Progressive shock

vs

Irreversible shock

Answer 14

progressive: CV progressively degenerates
irreversible: death

Question 15

Systolic heart failure

Answer 15

EF < 40%

left ventricular ejection fraction

Question 16

Etiology of systolic heart failure

Answer 16

sustained cardiac challenges

resulting in reduced myocyte function

Question 17

Warburg effect in heart failure

Answer 17

change from fatty acid metabolism to glucose metabolism in heart

less efficient

Question 18

What is:

“compensated state of heart failure”

Answer 18

when enough fluid is retained to get a normal CO via increase in sympathetic tone

Question 19

What is the con of increased sympathetic tone in the state of systolic heart failure?

Answer 19

chronic elevated peripheral and central venous pressures

peripheral –> edema

central –> dilation, added stress

Question 20

Orthopnea

Answer 20

SOB in supine position

seen in left sided heart failure

Question 21

Diastolic heart failure

etiology

Answer 21

stiffening of heart during diastole

increases in cardiac filling pressure do not produce normal increases with EDV

Question 22

Pulmonary HTN defined as

Answer 22

≥ 20 mmHg

Question 23

Most common etiology of HTN

Answer 23

primary/essential

idiopathic