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ZOOL 403 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Divisions of the lateral plate meso?

A

Splanchnic and somatic

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2
Q

Divisions of the intermediate meso?

A

genital ridge and nephric ridge

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3
Q

Divisions of Somitic mesoderm?

A

schlerotome, myotome, dermatome –> forms tendons and endothelial cells

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4
Q

Sclerotome

A

Somitic mesoderm - forms skeletal derivitives like bone and cartilage

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5
Q

myotome

A

somatic mesoderm - forms muscle blocks, skeletal muscle

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6
Q

dermatome

A

somatic mesoderm - forms base of skin (dermis is mesoderm)

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7
Q

Splanchnic

A

lateral plate mesoderm - towards the viscera (closest to the gut). Forms the circulatory system

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8
Q

somatic mesoderm

A

lateral plate mesoderm - forms the lining of organs/inside the body wall, body cavity lining, pelvis, limb bones

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9
Q

enamel

A

hydroxyapatite - contains ameloblasts

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10
Q

enameloid

A

hydroxyapatite - contains odontoblasts

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11
Q

Are gills internal or external to the gill supports in cyclostomes?

A

The gills are internal to the gill supports in cyclostomes

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12
Q

Are gills internal or external to the gill supports in gnathostomes?

A

Gill supports are median to the gill filaments which are more lateral

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13
Q

anadromous

A

migrating from sea water to fresh water to reproduce

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14
Q

catadromous

A

migrating from fresh water to sea water to reproduce

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15
Q

Ampullae of Lorenzeni

A

electroreceptors - sharks (and some rays) have pores which lead to canals - at the bottom of the canals there are sensory cells which attach to nerves. The gel allows them to detect changes in electrical potential (prey close by). There is a gel near the surface pore that is electrically conductive. Concentrated near the head

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16
Q

Challenges and adaptations of fresh water fishes

A

Need to remain saltier than their environment. Fish needs to hold on to salts and get rid of water. So they don’t drink, but they regulate salts at the gills where they can bring in salts actively. Retain salts in kidneys. Produce a dilute urine

17
Q

Challenges and adaptations of marine fishes

A

Problem is getting rid of salt and keeping water because of their salty environment. Drink salt water, dump sodium and chloride at the gills. In the kidneys, they excrete as little water as possible - concentrated urine

18
Q

What is the upper and lower jaw derived from in the jawless condition?

A

First branchial arch

19
Q

What is the spiracle derived from in the jawless condition?

A

First gill slit

20
Q

What is the hyoid arch derived from in the jawless condition?

A

second branchial arch

21
Q

How are paired fins formed?

A

somitic mesoderm branches off and the body wall pouches out –> somitic mesoderm infiltrates into the pouched out area to form muscles of the limb/ fin
somite + lateral plate

22
Q

Placoid scales

A

characteristic of chondrichthyans. Scales composed of dentine, enameloid and even traces of bone. Also known as dermal denticles

23
Q

What kind of jaw suspension do Holocephalians have?

A

Autostylic or holostylic –> palatoquadrate (upper jaw) is fused to the brain case

24
Q

How many basal elements do holocephalians have in their pectoral fin?

A

TWO

25
Q

what is vitrodentine?

A

Covers the dentine layer of placoid scales – enamel-like: very hard

26
Q

What type of jaw suspension do Selachii have?

A

Hyostylic jaw suspension: the upper jaw is attached directly to the chondrocranium in one spot at the ethmoid connection. The upper jaw also interacts caudally with the hyomandibula which is attached the the cranium posteriorally

27
Q

What does the hyoid arch consist of?

A

Hyomandibula, ceratohyal, and hypohyal

28
Q

What range of depth is the photic zone?

A

0-1000m. Most fishes live in this range. Biomass is highest here.

29
Q

What range of depth is the aphotic zone?

A

1000m - 4000m

30
Q

What range of depth is he mesopelagic zone?

A

200m - 1000m

31
Q

What range of depth is the bathypelagic zone?

A

1000m - deepest

32
Q

What range of depth is the epipelagic zone?

A

0m - 200m

33
Q

What percentage of fishes live in the tropical reefs?

A

30%

34
Q

What percentage of fishes live at the surface?

A

1%

35
Q

What percentage if fishes live on the continental shelf?

A

44%

36
Q

North Sea Herring lifecycle

A

The adults migrate from the North sea to spawn off the UK coast, and they spawn and the larvae drift off toward Scandanavia – juveniles feed of zooplankton – mature and go back to North sea – migration depends on changes in the ocean current.

37
Q

Where does the swim bladder come from?

A

The swim bladder is a pouch off the gut – some teleosts use this as a lung- secondarily gain respiratory function!

38
Q

Gar and bowfin breathing?

A

They have ridges in their swim bladder which is dorsal to the gut –> so they can use their swim bladder for gas exchange, especially in their low oxygen environments

ZOOL 403 (6 decks)

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