Group Names - Who is in them Flashcards
Sphenodontidae
tuatera
Corytophanidae
Iguania. Have well-developed head crests. Slender, long-limbed, long-tailed
Iguanidae
Iguania. Moderate to large sized lizards - occupy a variety of niches
Phrynosomatidae
Iguania. Small, spiny lizards with flattened bodies and short tails
Agamidae
Iguania. No autonomy planes. All are diurnal. Tongue is broad and can be notched or unnotched
Chameleonidae
Iguania. Many possess casques, horns, and crests on their heads. Their feet are zygodactylous, forming opposable grasping surfaces. Tail is prehensile. Eyes can move independently of one another
Gekkonidae
Gekkota. All are relatively small. Temporal and postorbital arches are absent and the palate is toothless
Pygopodidae
Gekkota. Flap-footed lizards. Tails are very long. Both temporal and postorbital arches are absent. Forelimbs are absent and only a flap of skin, containing four digits, remains of the hindlimb
Teiidae
Lacertoidea. Most are larger in size. Upper temporal arch is present and the palate is usually toothless. Osteoderms are absent
Lacertidae
Lacertoidea. typical lizards
Amphisbaenia
Lacertoidea. Entirely limbless. Pectoral and pelvic girdles are variably reduced or absent. Frontal bone completely encases the brain. Skull modified for burrowing. Right lung is reduced
Xantusiidae
Scincoidea. Normal limb proportions. Upper temporal fossa is closed
Scincidae
Scincoidea. most are characterized by smooth, shiny, cycloid scales that are underlain by osteoderms. Elongation of body and smaller limbs is likely noticable.
Anguidae
Anguimorpha. Limb reduction and loss occurs often.
Varanidae
Anguimorpha. Largest lizards are within this group. Active, fast-moving predators
Helodermatidae
Anguimorpha. Gila monsters. Somewhat stout lizards with short, blunt tails. The only venomous lizards.
Typhlopidae
Serpentes. Blind or worm snakes
Boidae
Serpentes. Includes the largest extant snakes. Retains vestiges of the pelvic girdle
Viperidae
Serpentes. Have solenoglyphous fangs. Includes rattle snakes
Elapidae
Serpentes. Proteroglyphous fangs. All are venomous
Colubridae
Serpentes. All other snakes. Some exhibit aglyphous fangs. No vestiges of the hind limb
Pleurodires
fold their necks sideways to tuck into shell
Cryptodires
exhibit an S-shaped bend when moving their head into their shell
Testudinidae
Cryptodira. terrestrial tortoises. Substantial emargination and premaxillae meet to form a hook-shape
Emydidae
Cryptodira. most diverse family. semiaquatic. extensive emargination
Trionychidae
Cryptodira. Soft shell turtles. Flattened carapaces covered by a leathery skin. Skull exhibits extensive emargination and the snout is drawn out into a relatively long proboscis
Kinosternidae
Cryptodira. Mud turtles. Semi-aquatic. Only moderate emargination. Do not possess extensive webbing of the toes. Have musk glands
Cheloniidae
Cryptodira. Sea turtles. Slight emargination. Flipper-shaped limbs
Chelydridae
large, freshwater turtles. Tip of the upper jaw is hooked. Skull has extensive emargination.
Crocodylidae
Distinctive 4th mandibular tooth, visible from the side of the closed jaw
Gavialidae
Elongate, narrow, snout. You can see some teeth when the jaw is closed. Dorsal but no ventral armor
Alligatoridae
Teeth cannot be seen when the jaw is closed. Belly osteoderms may be present or absent
Palaeognathae
Flightless birds. Immobile palate with a robust vomer. Ratites and tinamous
Neognathae
Reduced vomer so the palate is highly mobile
Tinamiformes
Palaeognathae. Tinamous. Weakly flying
Ratites
Ostriches. rheas, cassowaries, emu, kiwis
Struthioniformes
Ratites. Ostriches
Rheiformes
Ratites. Rheas. Similar to ostriches
Casuariformes
Ratites. Cassowaries and and Emus
Apterygiformes
Ratites. Kiwis. Wings and the tail are vestigial
Anseriformes
Neognathae. Ducks, geese, swans. High speed wings
Galliformes
Neognathae. Partridge, Pheasant, Grouse, Ptarmigan. Heavily-bodied terrestrial game birds. Birds we typically eat
Procellariformes
Neognathae. Albatrosses, shearwaters, petrels. Active soaring is common as wings typically have high aspect ratio
Pelicaniformes
Neognathae. Pelicans, cormorants, etc. Large piscivorous birds with totipalmate feet
Sphenisciformes
Neognathae. Penguins. Wings have been modified into paddle-shaped structured for propulsion through the water. Hind limbs are set far back on the body and and bear pes with extensive webbing - act as a rudder in steering.
Gaviiformes
Neognathae. Loons. Specialized for swimming and diving. Sharply pointed bills. Legs are located far back on the body.
Podicipediformes
Neognathae. Grebes. Swimming and diving birds with lobate feet
Ciconiiformes
Herons, Bitterns, Storks, Ibises, and flamingos
Gruiiformes
Cranes, Rails, Bustards, coots
Columbiformes
Pigeons and doves
Charadiiformes
Wading birds, gulls, terns
Falconiformes
Vultures, hawks, eagles, falcons. Falcons have a tomialsnw tooth. Modification of hooked beak used to dispatch of prey
Strigiformes
Owls
Caprimulgiformes
goatsuckers, frogmouths, oilbirds
Apodiformes
Swifts, swiftlets, hummingbirds
Psittaciformes
parrots, lories, macaws
Cuculiformes
Cuckoos, turacos, roadrunners, hoatzin
Coraciiformes
kingfishers, bee-eaters, hornbills
Piciformes
woodpeckers, toucans, honeyguides, jacamars
Passeriformes
Perching or song birds. Majority of birds. Unwebbed, anisodactylous feet with specializations for perching