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ZOOL 403 > Lab - Fish > Flashcards

Lab - Fish Flashcards

1
Q

Myxinoidea

A

SYNAPOMORPHES

  • Integumentary mucous glands
  • Accessory hearts in liver and tail region
  • Complex, protrusible mouthparts and a protrusible ‘tongue’
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2
Q

Petromyzontoidea

A

SYNAPOMORPHES

  • Single, blind-ended nasohypophyseal opening on top of head
  • axial arcualia
  • ammocoetes larva
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3
Q

Chondrichthyans

A

SYNAPOMORPHES

  • primary perichondral and endochondral mineralization patterns
  • placoid scales
  • teeth with complex multi-cusped pattern
  • teeth whorls responsible for replacement pattern
  • paired fins with triangular basals and parallel series of radial cartilages
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4
Q

Holocephali

A

SYNAPOMORPHES

  • gill arches beneath braincase
  • pectoral fin with two main basal elements
  • dorsal fin articulates with cranial elements of axial skeleton
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5
Q

Elasmobranchii

A

SYNAPOMORPHES

  • extrabranchial cartilages on hyomandibula only
  • right and left coracoids fused
  • teeth with ‘aprons’
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6
Q

Batoidea

A

SYNAPOMORPHES

  • cornea attached directed to eye - no upper eyelid
  • palatoquadrate lacks articulation with neurocranium
  • cervical vertebral centra just caudal to chondrocranium fused into a tube (synarcual)
  • antorbital cartilage directly or indirectly joins propterygium of pectoral girdle and nasal capsule of chondrocranium
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7
Q

Galeomorphii

A

SYNAPOMORPHES

  • Closed lateral line canal
  • Ethmoid region of chondrocranium downcurved
  • Nasal groove present
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8
Q

Osteichthyes

A

SYNAPOMORPHES

  • Dermal marginal mouth bones with rooted teeth
  • Lepidotrichia
  • Presence of lung or swimbladder embryonically derived from gut tube
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9
Q

Actinopterygii

A

SYNAPOMORPHES

  • basal elements of pectoral fins enlarged
  • median fin rays attached to skeletal elements that do not extend into fin
  • single dorsal fin
  • scales with unique interlocking mechanism
  • scales histologically distinctive, with complexly-layered ganoine
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10
Q

Polypteridae

A

SYNAPOMORPHES

  • Unique dorsal fin spines
  • facial bone fusion
  • unique pectoral fin structure
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11
Q

Acipenseriformes

A

SYNAPOMORPHES

  • opercle reduced
  • elongate caudal extension of presphenoid
  • body scaling reduced to tiny isolated elements, or absent
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12
Q

Acipenseridae

A

SYNAPOMORPHES

  • Presence of the five longitudinal rows of bony scutes along trunk
  • presence of long, snout fin spine along leading edge of pectoral fin
  • presence of plate-like supraorbital with a preorbital descending process
  • rostral canals curve lateral to barbels
  • supracleithrum tightly joined to, and forms part of, the dermal skull roof
  • presence of a cardiac shield (right and left clavicles fused ventrally)
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13
Q

Polyodontidae

A

SYNAPOMORPHES

  • series of very elongate dorsal median rostral and ventral median rostral bones with cylindrical cross sections
  • Uniquely-shaped subopercle with a caudally-pointing fan of rod-like ossifications
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14
Q

Abdominal pelvic fins

A

fins are ventrally located toward the rear of the fish

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15
Q

thoracic pelvic fins

A

fins are located just ventrally to the pectoral fins `

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16
Q

jugular pelvic fins

A

pelvic fins are located more cranially on the ventral surface than the pectoral fins

17
Q

gonopodium

A

anal fin of some teleosts is modified into this structure and is used in mating. The females of the same species have a normal anal fin here. Grooved intermittent organ

18
Q

anguilliform locomotion

A

Seen in flexible, extended fishes. Whole body is flexed into lateral waves for propulsion. Often, the median fins of these fishes are fused and form a continuous dorsal-caudal-anal fin.

19
Q

subcarangiform locomotion

A

undulation of the body that is less than one full wavelength but more than half of a wave length

20
Q

carangiform

A

body is thrown into a shallow wave of less than one half of a wave length within the body length. Fishes that use this type of swimming typically have fusiform bodies, a narrow caudal peduncle and a large forked caudal fin

21
Q

ostraciform locomotion

A

propulsion is mainly caused by the caudal peduncle. Does not provide much speed but fishes who use it typically have armor

22
Q

fin swimming

A

achieved by the undulation of individual fins or fin pairs. Great deal of maneuverability. Can be used as primary or secondary mode of locomotion

23
Q

placoid scales

A
  • These scales are plate-like, with an upward and
    caudally directed “cusp” known as a dermal denticle. - covered by a substance known as vitrodentine.
  • elasmobranchs
24
Q

ganoid scales

A

only present in gars and sturgeons
These are rhombic or diamond-shaped scales, the outer surface of which is composed entirely of a thick layer of enamel (ganoine)

25
Q

Bony-ridge scales

A

Teleost scales - lack enamel and dentine. All that remains is a thin sheet of lamellar bone which is translucent. Growth occurs at the surface from the underside, producing annuli (ring) that can be used to age the individual
- cycloid or ctenoid

26
Q

Cycloid bony-ridge scales

A

scales are relatively circular in outline, with a smooth, disc like surface

27
Q

Ctenoid bony-ridge scales

A

characterized by a tooth pattern on the caudal, exposed edge of the scale

28
Q

nasohypophyseal opening

A

single opening opening of the hypophysis merged with the single nasal opening. At the top of the head

29
Q

vestibular apparatus

A

Auditory apparatus which has semicircular canals and sound transduction apparatus.

30
Q

spiracle

A

small aperture that is remains of the first gill slit

31
Q

hyostylic jaw suspension

A

The upper jaw is not fused to the chondrocranium. upper jaw articulates with the cranium via the hyomandibula and the more cranial ethmoid connection.

32
Q

amphistylic jaw suspension

A

upper jaw attached to the the cranium anteriorally and articulated posteriorly with the hyomandibula. Ancestral elasmobranch

33
Q

lepidotrichia

A

fin rays used to strengthen fins by providing a fanlike internal support

34
Q

opisthocoelous vertebrae

A

with a deep concavity on the caudal side of the vertebra

ZOOL 403 (6 decks)

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