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Intro to Film > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between an Electrician and a Grip?

A

Electricians create light and Grips create shadows.

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2
Q

C-stand

A

Century stand: primarily used to position light modifiers

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3
Q

Junior Combo Stand

A

can be found as a double or triple riser, has a combination of a baby pin (5/8) and a junior pin (1 1/8) receptacle.

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4
Q

Large Gobo Head

A

aka “Lollipop” fits into the junior pin receptacle.

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5
Q

Light Modifiers

A

used to alter or control light (i.e. flags, silks, scrims, nets)

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6
Q

Flags

A

aka Solids or Cutters, create shadows/negative fill

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7
Q

Butterflies

A

large rags of solids, silks, and nets tied with a grip knot to metal frames. Large piece of material stretched onto metal frame.

(6’6’ to 10’x10’ are called butterflies)

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8
Q

Speed Rails

A

Rails made of aluminum, used to make custom-sized frames for rags (overheads) but can also be used to build rigs for camera and lighting mounts.

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9
Q

Apple Boxes

A

wooden bozes of varying sizes (pancake, quarter apple, half apple. full apple) with holes on each end.

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10
Q

Small Gobo Head

A

aka Grip Head, fits on to the baby pin of a C-stand

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11
Q

Baby Pin

A

5/8ths-inch pin on top of a baby stand.

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12
Q

Gaffer Grip Clamp

A

aka Alligator Clamp

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13
Q

Spring Clip

A

aka Grip Clip

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14
Q

Cardellini Clamp

A

One of the most versatile clamps is the Cardellini clamp. The unique angled jaw allows the clamp to grip to both flat as well as curved surfaces like speed rail.

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15
Q

Foam core Holder

A

aka duckbill, platypus, or quacker

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16
Q

What is a “doughnut”?

A

The rubber wheel on a dolly that rolls easily across flat surfaces.

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17
Q

What are “hot buttons”?

A

Skateboard wheels are used with a dolly track

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18
Q

Centipede

A

The “centipede” is a multi-wheel carriage for mounting a larger dolly with rubber wheels.

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19
Q

What are examples of mounting plates?

A
  1. Baby plate
  2. Junior plate
  3. Right angle baby plate
  4. Cheater plate
  5. Cheese plate multi-purpose
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20
Q

Dolly

A

is a platform with wheels, onto which a camera is mounted, in order to create movement in the shot, tracking shots.

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21
Q

Wedges and Cribbing

A

often used to level a dolly track, for a smooth dolly move.

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22
Q

Parts of the Camera

A
  1. Camera body
  2. Lens
  3. Viewfinder
  4. Matte box
  5. Battery
  6. Tripod
  7. Fluid Head
  8. Follow focus ring
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23
Q

Aspect Ratio

A

Refers to the height and width of a frame

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24
Q

Resolution

A

In digital cinema, resolution is represented by the horizontal pixel count (i.e. HD, 2K, 4K)

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25
Q

Camera Settings: Recording Format

A

The choice of recording format affects color grading and other aspects of post production (i.e. Log C, Rec 709, RAW)

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26
Q

Log-C

A

A recording format that delivers a very low contrast, desaturated image from the camera, gives a wide dynamic and tonal range allowing more latitude to apply color and style choices (a LUT can be applied to reach final desired look)

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27
Q

REC 709

A

recording format that has the advantage of being accepted by virtually any storage an playback codec.

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28
Q

RAW

A

Recording format that delivers as much data information that the camera sensor is capable of delivering.

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29
Q

“LUT”

A

“A Look Up Table” or LUT is a color preset that can be applied to your footage in post. A digital file that transforms the color and tone of your image. A lut is used when color grading footage.

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30
Q

White Balance

A

the process of setting the camera to recognize the color temperature of the lighting in the shooting environment.

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31
Q

ASA/ISO

A
  1. Camera setting that refers to how sensitive the sensor is to the amount of light reaching it. 2. The higher the ASA/ISO, the more sensitive the sensor is to light
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32
Q

“Clipping” the whites or “crushing” the blacks

A

terminology used when exposing your footage

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33
Q

Frame Rate

A

refers to how many complete frames are recorded per second, expressed as “frames per second” or FPS

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34
Q

Film is usually shot in how many frames per second?

A

24 fps

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35
Q

What is an effective exposure time (shutter speed) for 24 fps (assuming a 180 degree shutter)?

A

1/48th of a second

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36
Q

Slow Motion

A

Sometimes referred to as “high speed” or “overcranking” because the number of frames exposed in a second is higher than a standard frame rate.

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37
Q

Fast Motion

A

the opposite of slow motion, a scene recorded at 6 fps, when projected at 24 fps, will provide 4x the information in one second than was actually recorded in one second.

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38
Q

Shutter Angle

A

In film, the default shutter angle is 180 degrees.

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39
Q

Shutter Speed

A

“Shutter speed” refers to how fast the open shutter will pass across the full sensor, closely tied to frame rate.

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40
Q

Lens

A

is mounted onto the camera body, at the “gate”, which is where the film or sensor is exposed to light that passes through the lens.

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41
Q

Focal Length

A

the focal length of a lens refers to the distance from the optical center to the focal plane.

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42
Q

Optical center

A

Where light converges inside the lens

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43
Q

Focal plane

A

Where the sensor is located

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44
Q

What are the two lens types?

A
  1. Prime Lens 2. Zoom Lens
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45
Q

Prime Lens

A

Has a fixed focal length (can’t zoom)

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46
Q

Zoom Lens

A

has a variable focal length (can zoom in/out)

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47
Q

We classify lenses based on their focal length. What are the 3 lens classifications?

A
  1. Telephoto lens
  2. Normal lens
  3. Wide angle lense
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48
Q

Aperature/Iris

A

An opening through which light passes into the camera, is located at the back of the lens.

  1. The aperture/iris has a variable size, written as a fraction, called an “f-stop”
49
Q

A smaller f-stop number has?

A
  1. Bigger opening
  2. Lets in more light
  3. More shallow depth of field (ie f/2)
50
Q

What 3 main elements that effect depth of field?

A
  1. Aperature
  2. Focal length
  3. Subject distance to camera
51
Q

How can you increase your depth of field?

A
  1. Narrow your aperture
  2. Move subject away from camera
  3. Shorten focal length
52
Q

A smaller f-stop number has?

A
  1. bigger opening
  2. Lets in more light
  3. More shallow depth of field (i.e. f/2)
53
Q

A larger f-stop number has?

A
  • smaller opening
  • lets in less light
  • deeper depth of field (i.e. f/16)
54
Q

If the f/stop is incorrect, the image may be?

A

overexposed or underexposed

55
Q

“Overexposed”

A

too much light, turns highlights white (brightest)

56
Q

“Underexposed”

A

allowing too little light, turns shadows black (darkest)

57
Q

“Latitude”

A

refers to the difference between the brightest and darkest areas of the image

58
Q

Follow Focus

A

The lens must be manually focused so that the image is not blurry or “soft”. A “follow focus” wheel can be attached to the lens to make “pulling” focus easier.

59
Q

“Depth of field”

A

is the distance between the nearest and farthest objects in an image that appear in focus.

60
Q

Shallow Focus

A

Background and foreground are blurred, but the subject is sharp and in focus.

61
Q

Deep Focus

A

Background and foreground are all in acceptable focus, everything is sharp.

62
Q

What are the two main factors that determine depth of field?

A

The APERTURE setting and the FOCAL LENGTH of the lens

63
Q

What does a larger f/stop number and smaller aperture mean?

A

More depth of field

64
Q

What does a smaller f/stop number and larger aperture mean?

A

Less depth of field

65
Q

Tripod

A

aka “sticks” is a three legged camera support, made up of two components: 1) Head 2) Legs

66
Q
A
67
Q

Fluid Head (of a tripod)

A

contains fluid to provide resistance which gives smooth hand-operated motion

68
Q

Automated Dialogue Replacement (ADR)

A

a process during which actors watch the film footage and re-record their lines to be dubbed.

69
Q

Foley

A

creating sound effects by watching picture and mimicking the action.

70
Q

On a set location, the sound department is responsible for recording what?

A
  1. DIALOGUE (clearly audible and synchronized to the moving image)
  2. WILD TRACKS (sound recordings independt of moving image)
  3. ROOM TONE (ambient noise without dialogue or man-made sounds)
71
Q

One of the smallest departments on set, the sound crew typically consists of what 3 positions?

A
  1. Location Sound Mixer (quality of recordings)
  2. Boom Operator (responsible for placement of microphones and “boom mic”)
  3. Utility (responsible for any assistance the Mixer or Boom Op may need, wrangling cables, replacing batteries, etc.)
72
Q

Single System Sound

A

when the sound is recorded to the same medium as the image (i.e. a cellphone or home video)

73
Q

Dual-system Sound

A

when the audio is recorded separately from the visuals on a secondary system that has been synchronized to align in post-production.

74
Q

“Peaking”

A

is when the sound is too loud to be recorded clearly

75
Q

Shotgun Microphone

A

a directional mic with an extremely narrow pick-up pattern, records sound from a conical zone.

76
Q

Omnidirectional Microphone

A

a microphone that records sound from all directions (spherical).

77
Q

Omnidirectional Microphone

A

A microphone that records sound from all directions (spherical).

78
Q

Cardioid Microphone

A

a mic with a pick-up pattern that captures sound from primarily one direction (and some to the sides of the microphone), records sound from a semi-spherial pattern.

79
Q

Boom Microphone

A

eis any microphone attached to an extendable boom pole, it could be a shotgun or a cardioid mic.

80
Q

The items found in a boom mic package include:

A
  1. Shotgun mic (usually)
  2. Boom pole
  3. Suspension mount
  4. Rycote softie (aka a “dead cat”) for dampening wind noise
  5. XLR cable
81
Q

Lavalier Microphone

A

a small microphone typically used to mic individual people, placed on a performer that runs to a wireless transmitter.

82
Q

XLR Cable

A

is a cable used for audio signal.

83
Q

BNC Cable

A

is a calbe used for video signal.

84
Q

Grips create what?

A

Shadows

85
Q

A stand with a removable base is called what?

A

Turtle Base

86
Q

What do the parts of the C-stand include?

A
  1. Baby Pin (5/8’)
  2. Gobo Arm
  3. Load leg
  4. Knuckle
  5. Riser
  6. Gobo head (aka grip head)w
87
Q

What are some examples of specialized flags?

A
  1. Meat axe
  2. Floppy
88
Q

What is a modifier that’s mounted on a crane?

A

Flyswatters

89
Q

What is used to make custom-sized frames for rags and can be used to build rigs for camera and lighting mounts?

A

Speed rail

90
Q

What are some examples of modifiers?

A
  1. Nets
  2. Silks
  3. Single Net
  4. Solid flag
  5. Cuculoris (aka cookie)
  6. A cello cuculoris (soft cookie)
  7. Butterflies & overheads
  8. Flyswatters
91
Q

What is this?

A

foamcore holder aka duckbill, platypus or quacker

92
Q

What is this?

A

A drop ceiling scissor clamp

93
Q

What is this?

A

Mafer clamp

94
Q

What is this?

A

cardellini clamp

95
Q

What is this?

A

A math gag

96
Q

What is this?

A

Spring Clip aka grip clip

97
Q

What is this?

A

Cheeseborough aka grid clamp fits around piping

98
Q

What is this?

A

Crowder Hanger

99
Q

What kind of dolly is designed to fit through a standard door opening?

A

Doorway Dolly

100
Q

What is this?

A

A “centipede” is a multi-wheel carriage for mounting a larger dolly with rubber wheels.

101
Q

On set, the more popular brands of dollies are much bigger. What are some examples?

A
  1. Hybrid
  2. Hustler
  3. Super PeeWee
  4. Fisher 10
102
Q

When using a dolly with track on uneven ground, the track must be what to achieve a smooth dolly move?

A

LEVELED

103
Q

Which format will deliver a very low contrast, desaturated image from the camera?

A

Log C

104
Q

What format delivers as much data information that the amera sensor is capable of delivering, allowing for color grading, contrast control, etc. in post production?

A

RAW

105
Q

White balance

A

is the process of setting the amera to recognize the color temperature of the light in the shooting environment.

106
Q

What does a camera have that tells the camera it’s looking at the color white, so that the image will reproduce colors correctly?

A

“WB” or “AWB” (Automatic white balance)

107
Q

The higher the ASA setting, the more what?

A

sensitive the sensor is to light

108
Q

What focal length lens is 45mm-55mm?

A

A normal lens that replicates what the human eye would see

109
Q

What focal length lens gives a very deep depth of field and is shorter than 50mm?

A

Wide angle lens

110
Q

What focal length lens is longer than 50mm and givecs a shallow depth of field?

A

Telephoto lens

111
Q

What happens if the f/stop is incorrect?

A

The image may be “overexposed” or “underexposed”

112
Q

Latitude

A

The difference between the brightest and darkest areas of the image

113
Q

What identifies the correct exposure for latitude?

A

The zone system. 1. Zone 0 is absolute black, 2. Zone 5 is “perfect” exposure with the most detail visible, 3. Zone 10 is absolute white with no detail visible or blown out.

114
Q

What is used to synchronize audio and visual recordings?

A

A slate

115
Q

What kind of mic records sound from a conical zone?

A

A shotgun mic

116
Q

What kind of mic records sound from a semi-spherial pattern?

A

Cardioid

117
Q

Name these

A
  1. Omni
  2. Cardiooid
  3. Hyper-cardioid
  4. Shotgun (Topview)
118
Q

What are some things to watch out for with lavalier mics?

A
  1. Placement
  2. Clothes rustling
  3. Wireless Signal interference
119
Q

What kind of cable is used for video signal?

A

BNC

Intro to Film (11 decks)

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