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Animal Nutrition > Midterm ✅ > Flashcards

Midterm ✅ Flashcards

1
Q

The deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in young growing animals causes a disease called _______, which is characterized by deformed bones.

A

Rickets

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2
Q

The glandular stomach of ruminants is called ______, which is the fourth compartment of the stomach.

A

Abomasum

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3
Q

The contractile proteins of muscle include ______, myosin and tropomyosin B.

A

Actin

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4
Q

To measure the ________ energy of animals, we should sum up the basal metabolic rate (BMR), thermos effect of food (TEF) and physical activity.

A

Maintenance

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5
Q

The _______ immunity is acquired by animals through synthesizing antibodies against the exposure to pathogens (antigens).

A

Active

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6
Q

When the concentration of blood calcium is higher than normal levels, the thyroid gland secretes a hormone called ______, which can decrease the reabsorption of calcium in the kidney and increases the loss of calcium through urine.

A

Calcitonin

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7
Q

The three pair of glands that produce saliva include sublingual glands, parotid glands and _________ glands.

A

Submaxillary

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8
Q

The excretory form of nitrogen in fish is ________, whole mammals mainly excrete urea.

A

Ammonia

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9
Q

The pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme that is made in peptics cells of _______ and digests the large proteins.

A

Stomach

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10
Q

The macro minerals in animals feed include ______, phosphorus (P), Chlorine (Cl), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sulfur (S) and sodium (Na).

A

Magnesium

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11
Q

(T/F) The level of collagen in the body of animals decreases as they get older.

A

False

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12
Q

(T/F) Among lipoproteins, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) contain the highest amount of triglycerides and the lowest amount of proteins.

A

False

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13
Q

(T/F) The microorganisms (microbes) of gut produce an enzyme that can digest the cellulose in mono gastric and ruminants.

A

True

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14
Q

(T/F) Chylomicrons are formed in the intestinal cells and mainly consist of triglycerides.

A

True

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15
Q

(T/F) The tetany and hyperemia of the extremities is a clinical sign for deficiency of dietary phosphorus.

A

False

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16
Q

(T/F) Short-chain fatty acids are absorbed into the portal system in the small intestine and transferred to the liver.

A

True

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17
Q

(T/F) To measure the “true digestible energy (DE)” the fecal energy should be measured in fasting animals and then subtracted from apparent DE.

A

True

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18
Q

(T/F) The basal metabolic rate (BMR) of animals is a function of age and younger animals have higher BMR than older animals per unit of their metabolic size.

A

True

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19
Q

(T/F) Urea cycle occurs mainly in the Kinsey and small intestine.

A

False

Liver

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20
Q

(T/F) The higher concentrations of oxalis and physic acids in the diet will increase the availability and absorption of calcium and phosphorus.

A

False

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21
Q

(T/F) Increasing the feed intake of ruminants will increase their methane production and that will decrease the metabolizable energy (ME).

A

False

22
Q

(T/F) The “parietal cells (oxyntic cells)” of stomach produce hydrochloride acid (HCl).

A

True

23
Q

(T/F) The main route of Nitrogen (N) excretion in birds is uric acid.

A

True

24
Q

(T/F) There are 40 common amino acids in most of the proteins and 20 of them are essential amino acids.

A

False
(20 common)
(9-10 essential)

25
Q

(T/F) The gross energy (GE) system is widely used in animal nutrition due to its accuracy in predicting the energy content of the variety of feeds.

A

False

26
Q

The main common function for sodium, chlorine and potassium in animals physiology is to ______

A

A) maintain the osmotic pressure

B) maintain the acid-base balance

27
Q

All of the following are organic components of animal feed except

A

A) carbohydrates
B) vitamins
C) micro-elements

28
Q

Which of the following statements is true about the “methane production and metabolizable energy (ME)” in ruminants

A

Low quality feeds increase the methane production and decrease the ME

29
Q

The _______ is a pancreatic digestive enzyme, which is involved in digestion of carbohydrates?

A

A) Amylase

30
Q

The blood lipids consist of ______

A

A) Chylomicrons made in intestinal cells
B) Lipids made in adipose
C) Lipids made in liver
D) All

31
Q

The amino acids composition of proteins is affected by ______

A

A) The protein source (plants/animal proteins)
B) genetic mutations
C) both

32
Q

Which of the following is the product of bacterial fermentation of feed in cecum and colon?

A

A) volatile fatty acids
B) some of the amino acids and vitamins
C) both

33
Q

The ______ is a sulfur containing essential amino acid.

A

A) Methionine

34
Q

All of the following are active form of proteolytic enzymes that are made in the pancreas and realized into the small intestine, except

A

A) chymotrypsin
B) carboxyleptidase
C) enterokinase

35
Q

When the concentration of calcium (Ca) is low in blood, which of the following mechanisms will be activated

A

Vitamin D will increase the release of Ca from the bones (resorption) into the blood

36
Q

Amino acids absorbed to small intestine through

A

Active transport

37
Q

The net energy (NE) can be calculated by using the following equation

A

Metabolizable (ME)- heat increment (HI)- heat of fermentation (HF)

38
Q

Which of the following is not true about “enzymes and hormones”?

A

Enzymes have both proteins and fat structures

39
Q

Which of the following is a component of plants cell wall?

A

A) hemicellulose
B) cellulose
C) lignin
D) All

40
Q

The metabolizable energy (ME) can be calculated by using the following equation

A

Gross energy (GE)- fecal energy (FE)- Urine energy/ Methane (combustible gases) energy

41
Q

The Na/K ATPas pump, using ATP keeps the ________ at high concentration inside the cell

A

Potassium

Sodium (outside)

42
Q

The amino acids carbon Skelton formed after transamination and deamination can be used to produce _______

A

A) amino acids
B) glucose
C) fat
D) All

43
Q

All of the following are true about “ruminants depot fat” except

A

That is totally responsive to their dietary fat composition

44
Q

Which of the following is a “lipoprotein”

A

Chylomicrons

45
Q

Which of the following can influence the “heat of increment (HI)” of animals

A

A) feed intake
B) feeding frequency
C) the type and level of nutrients in the diet
D) All

46
Q

Which of the following conditions should be met when measuring the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in animals?

A

Animals should be in their thermoneutral zone

47
Q

Sulfur is a macro mineral, which is important for _____

A

A) carbohydrates and lipid metabolism (as thiamin and biotin)
B) healthy joints and ligaments ( as chondroitin sulphate)
C) energy metabolism (as glutathione and coenzyme A)
D) All

48
Q

The shrinkage of collagen after heating is due to its higher concentration of amino acid ______

A

Proline

49
Q

The amino acids synthesis and degradation can be done by _____

A

A) microorganisms
B)body tissue such as liver and intestine
C) both

50
Q

The enzyme “rennin” is _______

A

A proteolytic enzyme

Animal Nutrition (4 decks)

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