Midterm ✅

Question 1

The deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in young growing animals causes a disease called _______, which is characterized by deformed bones.

Answer 1

Rickets

Question 2

The glandular stomach of ruminants is called ______, which is the fourth compartment of the stomach.

Answer 2

Abomasum

Question 3

The contractile proteins of muscle include ______, myosin and tropomyosin B.

Answer 3

Actin

Question 4

To measure the ________ energy of animals, we should sum up the basal metabolic rate (BMR), thermos effect of food (TEF) and physical activity.

Answer 4

Maintenance

Question 5

The _______ immunity is acquired by animals through synthesizing antibodies against the exposure to pathogens (antigens).

Answer 5

Active

Question 6

When the concentration of blood calcium is higher than normal levels, the thyroid gland secretes a hormone called ______, which can decrease the reabsorption of calcium in the kidney and increases the loss of calcium through urine.

Answer 6

Calcitonin

Question 7

The three pair of glands that produce saliva include sublingual glands, parotid glands and _________ glands.

Answer 7

Submaxillary

Question 8

The excretory form of nitrogen in fish is ________, whole mammals mainly excrete urea.

Answer 8

Ammonia

Question 9

The pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme that is made in peptics cells of _______ and digests the large proteins.

Answer 9

Stomach

Question 10

The macro minerals in animals feed include ______, phosphorus (P), Chlorine (Cl), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sulfur (S) and sodium (Na).

Answer 10

Magnesium

Question 11

(T/F) The level of collagen in the body of animals decreases as they get older.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

(T/F) Among lipoproteins, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) contain the highest amount of triglycerides and the lowest amount of proteins.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

(T/F) The microorganisms (microbes) of gut produce an enzyme that can digest the cellulose in mono gastric and ruminants.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

(T/F) Chylomicrons are formed in the intestinal cells and mainly consist of triglycerides.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

(T/F) The tetany and hyperemia of the extremities is a clinical sign for deficiency of dietary phosphorus.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

(T/F) Short-chain fatty acids are absorbed into the portal system in the small intestine and transferred to the liver.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

(T/F) To measure the “true digestible energy (DE)” the fecal energy should be measured in fasting animals and then subtracted from apparent DE.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

(T/F) The basal metabolic rate (BMR) of animals is a function of age and younger animals have higher BMR than older animals per unit of their metabolic size.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

(T/F) Urea cycle occurs mainly in the Kinsey and small intestine.

Answer 19

False

Liver

Question 20

(T/F) The higher concentrations of oxalis and physic acids in the diet will increase the availability and absorption of calcium and phosphorus.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

(T/F) Increasing the feed intake of ruminants will increase their methane production and that will decrease the metabolizable energy (ME).

Answer 21

False

Question 22

(T/F) The “parietal cells (oxyntic cells)” of stomach produce hydrochloride acid (HCl).

Answer 22

True

Question 23

(T/F) The main route of Nitrogen (N) excretion in birds is uric acid.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

(T/F) There are 40 common amino acids in most of the proteins and 20 of them are essential amino acids.

Answer 24

False
(20 common)
(9-10 essential)

Question 25

(T/F) The gross energy (GE) system is widely used in animal nutrition due to its accuracy in predicting the energy content of the variety of feeds.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

The main common function for sodium, chlorine and potassium in animals physiology is to ______

Answer 26

A) maintain the osmotic pressure | B) maintain the acid-base balance

Question 27

All of the following are organic components of animal feed except

Answer 27

A) carbohydrates B) vitamins C) micro-elements

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true about the “methane production and metabolizable energy (ME)” in ruminants

Answer 28

Low quality feeds increase the methane production and decrease the ME

Question 29

The _______ is a pancreatic digestive enzyme, which is involved in digestion of carbohydrates?

Answer 29

A) Amylase

Question 30

The blood lipids consist of ______

Answer 30

A) Chylomicrons made in intestinal cells B) Lipids made in adipose C) Lipids made in liver D) All

Question 31

The amino acids composition of proteins is affected by ______

Answer 31

A) The protein source (plants/animal proteins) B) genetic mutations C) both

Question 32

Which of the following is the product of bacterial fermentation of feed in cecum and colon?

Answer 32

A) volatile fatty acids B) some of the amino acids and vitamins C) both

Question 33

The ______ is a sulfur containing essential amino acid.

Answer 33

A) Methionine

Question 34

All of the following are active form of proteolytic enzymes that are made in the pancreas and realized into the small intestine, except

Answer 34

A) chymotrypsin B) carboxyleptidase C) enterokinase

Question 35

When the concentration of calcium (Ca) is low in blood, which of the following mechanisms will be activated

Answer 35

Vitamin D will increase the release of Ca from the bones (resorption) into the blood

Question 36

Amino acids absorbed to small intestine through

Answer 36

Active transport

Question 37

The net energy (NE) can be calculated by using the following equation

Answer 37

Metabolizable (ME)- heat increment (HI)- heat of fermentation (HF)

Question 38

Which of the following is not true about “enzymes and hormones”?

Answer 38

Enzymes have both proteins and fat structures

Question 39

Which of the following is a component of plants cell wall?

Answer 39

A) hemicellulose B) cellulose C) lignin D) All

Question 40

The metabolizable energy (ME) can be calculated by using the following equation

Answer 40

Gross energy (GE)- fecal energy (FE)- Urine energy/ Methane (combustible gases) energy

Question 41

The Na/K ATPas pump, using ATP keeps the ________ at high concentration inside the cell

Answer 41

Potassium | Sodium (outside)

Question 42

The amino acids carbon Skelton formed after transamination and deamination can be used to produce _______

Answer 42

A) amino acids B) glucose C) fat D) All

Question 43

All of the following are true about “ruminants depot fat” except

Answer 43

That is totally responsive to their dietary fat composition

Question 44

Which of the following is a “lipoprotein”

Answer 44

Chylomicrons

Question 45

Which of the following can influence the “heat of increment (HI)” of animals

Answer 45

A) feed intake B) feeding frequency C) the type and level of nutrients in the diet D) All

Question 46

Which of the following conditions should be met when measuring the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in animals?

Answer 46

Animals should be in their thermoneutral zone

Question 47

Sulfur is a macro mineral, which is important for _____

Answer 47

A) carbohydrates and lipid metabolism (as thiamin and biotin) B) healthy joints and ligaments ( as chondroitin sulphate) C) energy metabolism (as glutathione and coenzyme A) D) All

Question 48

The shrinkage of collagen after heating is due to its higher concentration of amino acid ______

Answer 48

Proline

Question 49

The amino acids synthesis and degradation can be done by _____

Answer 49

A) microorganisms B)body tissue such as liver and intestine C) both

Question 50

The enzyme “rennin” is _______

Answer 50

A proteolytic enzyme