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Animal Nutrition > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most obvious reaction of cobalt (Co) and iodine (I)?

A
  1. Being apart of the structure of vitamins B12

2. Making thyroxine

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2
Q

What is the most common clinical sign of iodine (I) deficiency?

A
  1. Enlargement of the thyroid gland
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3
Q

The deficiency of what minerals results in cretinism (myxedema) and parakeratosis?

A
  1. Iodine
    Cretinism in young animals
    Myxedema in dogs
    Parakeratosis- Zinc (skin)
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4
Q

What are goitrogenic substances?

A 
1. Can cause goiter (like iodine deficiency) 
Cabbage (glucosinolates)
Soybeans (glucopeptide) 
Peanuts (metabolites of anthocyanin)
Cassava (thiocyanate)
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5
Q

What are the important functions of iron (Fe) in animals body?

A
  1. Part of the structure of hemoglobin and myoglobin that are important for oxygen transfer in the blood.
    ATP production
    Deficiency causes anemia
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6
Q

What are primary functions of copper (Cu) in animals body and its deficiency signs?

A
  1. Involved in iron metabolism (anemia)
  2. Maintains the integrity of the cell membrane (nervous system) deficiency (swayed back disease)
  4. Bone related problems, hemorrhage in blood vessels
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7
Q

What are manganese (Mn) deficiency’s in birds?

A
  1. Star gazing posture in chicks
    Parrot beak
  2. Sleep tendon, Decrease egg production and hatch ability , thinning of the egg shell
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8
Q

What is chief function of selenium (Se) in animals body and it’s deficiency signs?

A
  1. Part of the structure of the enzyme ________ which is important for removing the peroxide from the body
  2. Function of the pancreas
  3. Nutritional muscular dystrophy (white muscle disease)
  4. Necrosis of liver
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9
Q

How does lead (Pb) toxicity influence the body tissue/organs?

A
  1. Lesions on kidney, ulcers in stomach and small intestine

2.

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10
Q

What are the common signs of poisoning by the following mineral? How can it be reduced/ prevented nutritionally?
Cadmium (Cd)

A
  1. Reduced growth rate and anemia

2. Help by increasing the level of iron and calcium in the diet

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11
Q

What are the common signs of poisoning by the following mineral? How can it be reduced/ prevented nutritionally?
Mercury (Hg)

A
  1. Accidental deaths in the animals decreased egg production and hatch ability
  2. Vitamin E or selenium
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12
Q

What are the common signs of poisoning by the following mineral? How can it be reduced/ prevented nutritionally?
Fluorine (F)

A
  1. In cattle can caused stain teeth
    Bone development problems
    (Osteoclorosis, osteoporosis)
  2. Increasing level of calcium, magnesium, aluminum
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13
Q

What are the common signs of poisoning by the following mineral? How can it be reduced/ prevented nutritionally?
Molybdenum (Mo)

A
  1. Scours
    Diarrhea, anemia
  2. Increasing level of copper
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14
Q

What are two classes of vitamins?

A
  1. Water soluble
    Vitamin B complex, C
  2. Fat soluble
    Vitamin A, D, E and K
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15
Q

What are storage sites of Vitamin A in the body? What is the importance of stores vitamin A?

A 
1. Liver 
in birds their egg yolk
Milk fat
Fish oil
2. If they are deficient they can use their storage
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16
Q

What are the main functions of Vitamin A in an animals body?

A
  1. Eye vision
    (Can make a pigment that helps with night and dark)
  2. Making ______ cells
  3. Formation of the bone and growth
  4. Antioxidants (prevent animal from getting cancer)
17
Q

What kind of eye problems can occur due to Vitamin A deficiency?

A
  1. Night blindness
  2. Dry cornea (xero)
  3. Bulging eyes
18
Q

What are the sources of Vitamin D2 and D3 and how are they produced?

A
  1. D2- plants (ergostrol)
    D3- animals (dehydro cholesterol)
  2. Under sunlight, UV radiation skin, liver and active from of D3 is made in kidney
19
Q

Main functions of Vitamin D?

A
  1. Involvement in calcium metabolism and
    Reabsorption of the calcium in the kidneys
    Making glycoproteins
    Immune system
20
Q

Main functions of Vitamin E?

A
  1. Removing the peroxide’s
    Immune system
    Reproduction
21
Q

Main functions of Vitamin K?

A
  1. Clotting the blood

Makes a component called _____

22
Q

What forms of thiamine (Vitamin B1) are involved in decarboxylation reaction?

A
  1. Carbohydrates metabolism
    Thiamine TPP
    LTPP
23
Q

What are major coenzymes that contain riboflavin (Vitamin B2)? What other coenzymes are related with those?

A
  1. FMN, FAD

2. NAD, NADP

24
Q

What coenzymes are made up of niacin (Vitamin B3)? What is their role in the body?

A
  1. NAD, NADP

2. Making cellular water by transferring the hydrogen molecules to the oxygen

25
Q

What coenzyme is made up of pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)? What is the role in the body?

A
  1. Coenzyme A
  2. Actilate reaction
    Carbs metabolism
26
Q

What is the coenzyme form of Vitamin B6? What is the role in the body?

A
  1. Pyridoxine phosphate

2. Metabolism of amino acids

27
Q

What are the main functions of Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

A
  1. Protein amino acids metabolism
    Red blood cells
    Hormones (insulin, growth hormones)
28
Q

What are the main functions of biotin (Vitamin B7)

A
  1. Ruminants for making glucose from propunic acid

Lipid metabolism

29
Q

What are the main functions of folacin (Vitamin B9)?

A
  1. Making purins and _____ cell division

Nithiamine

30
Q

What are the main functions of Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)?

A
  1. Metabolism of nithiamine

Red blood cells

31
Q

What are the main functions of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)?

A
  1. Reduction and oxidation reactions
    Making collagen
    Conversion of dopamine to
32
Q

What is the “feast and fast” cycle?

A
  1. Period after consumption of the meal. Absorption of nutrients are max, glycogen, triglycerides
  2. Couple hours after eating. Break down fat stores (triglycerides) make glucose, break down muscle when fast last very long (make amino acids)
33
Q

What is homeostasis and homeorhesis?

A
  1. Maintains the stability of the body condition, glucose at a narrow range in blood
  2. Priority to dominate physical functions in body
    Young animals bone and muscle
    Old animals fat
34
Q

What is the difference between endocrine, paracrine and autocrine control of metabolism?

A
  1. Endocrine travel in the blood and effect target
  2. Does not travel in blood, effects neighboring cells
  3. Cell secretes something that can regulate the same cell itself
35
Q

How do insulin and glucagon control blood glucose concentration?

A
  1. Stimulates muscle, liver, and adipose tissue to get most of the blood in the cell.
  2. Active when the level of the glucose is low. Converts glycogen in the liver (can make glucose from non )
36
Q

What is the difference between GLUT-2 and GLUT-4?

A
  1. Transporter of the glucose to the pancreas ( independent from insulin)
  2. To the muscle and adipose tissue (insulin responsive) (high)
37
Q

How does insulin control metabolic regulation?

A
  1. Can help the organs make fat from fatty acids.
    Make proteins from amino acids.
    Make glycogen from glucose.
    (Making)

Animal Nutrition (4 decks)

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