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Z - Chem 2229 (Organic Chemistry II Lab) > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure for sodium borohydride?

A

Na+ BH4-

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2
Q

What is the structure for Acetone?

A

CH3-(C=O)-CH3

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3
Q

What is the structure for 9-Fluorenone?

A

Five carbon ring with a =O and two benzene rings attached on either side

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4
Q

What is the structure for 9-Fluorenol?

A

Five carbon ring with a -OH and two benzene rings attached on either side

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5
Q

What is the structure for Hexane?

A

C6H14

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6
Q

What is the structure for Hydrogen Chloride?

A

HCl

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7
Q

What is the structure for Methylene Chloride?

A

Cl-CH2-Cl

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8
Q

What is the structure for Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate?

A

Na2SO4

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9
Q

What is the structure for Chromium Trioxide?

A

CrO3

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10
Q

What is the structure for Pyridinium chlorochromate?

A

6 membered ring with NH+ as one of the members, ClCrO3-

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11
Q

What is the structure for 9-hydroxyfluorene?

A

Same as 9-Fluorenol, Two benzene rings attached to a five membered ring, with an OH attached to the five membered ring

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12
Q

What is the structure for Dichloromethane?

A

CH2Cl2

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13
Q

What is the structure for Methanol?

A

CH3OH

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14
Q

What is the structure for Toluene?

A

Benzene-CH3

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15
Q

What is the structure for Benzophenone?

A

Benzene-(C=O)-Benzene

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16
Q

What is the structure for Bromobenzene?

A

Benzene-Br

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17
Q

What is the structure for Triphenylmethanol?

A

HO-C-(Ph)3

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18
Q

What is the structure for (di)-Ethyl Ether?

A

CH3CH2OCH2CH3

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19
Q

What is the structure for Hydrochloric Acid?

A

HCl

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20
Q

What is the structure for Biphenyl?

A

Ph-Ph

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21
Q

What is the structure for Isopropyl Alcohol?

A

Three carbon long chain with -OH on the middle carbon

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22
Q

What is the structure for Benzil?

A

Ph-(C=O)-(C=O)-Ph

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23
Q

What is the structure for 1,3-diphenylacetone?

A

Ph-C-(C=O)-C-Ph

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24
Q

What is the structure for Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone?

A

Four benzene rings attached to with a bond to a five membered double bonded carbon ring

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25
Q

air condenser

A

straight tube

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26
Q

casserole

A

clay cup on a stick

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27
Q

claisen adapter

A

tube that separates into two, U shaped

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28
Q

crucible tongs

A

go outward, for holding hot beakers and such

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29
Q

drying tube

A

tube that takes a hard right

30
Q

Hickman still head

A

the tube that looks kinda squished down, tiny tube going into larger tube

31
Q

jacked water condenser

A

two side ports, shell around tube

32
Q

stirring rod with rubber policeman

A

glass rod, pointy rubber tip

33
Q

sublimation adapter

A

short piece of glass with side port and slanted bottom

34
Q

test tube clamp

A

holder part is little curved rectangles

35
Q

thistle tube

A

looks like a vase on a stick

36
Q

vacuum filter flask

A

large erlenmeyer with side port

37
Q

Where are the safety showers? (2)

A

In both corners on the hallway side

38
Q

Where are the fire blankets? (2)

A

In both corners on the hallway side, in the left corner the blanket is to the right of the cart

39
Q

Where is the eyewash station? (1)

A

On the second station from the left

40
Q

Where are the fire extinguishers? (3)

A

To the left of each hood when facing into the lab, and in the right corner by the hallway

41
Q

Balanced reaction for reduction experiment

A

(4) 9-fluorenone + Sodium Borohydride -> (4) 9-fluorenol

42
Q

Reaction with HCl in reduction experiment

A

produce hydrogen gas by reacting with excess NaBH4 and water to produce NaCl, H3BO3, and H2

43
Q

Isolation of oxidation product

A

cold vacuum filtration with Ch2Cl2 rinses, then dried to remove CH2Cl2

44
Q

TLC, effect of polarity of spot on Rf

A

more polar, lower Rf

45
Q

Balanced reaction for grignard experiment (both)

A

Bromobenzene + Mg -> Phenylmagnesium Bromide + Benzophenone -> triphenylmethanol

46
Q

Reaction with HCl in grignard experiment

A

react with excess Mg to produce hydrogen gas

47
Q

Balanced reaction for aldol experiment

A

benzil + 1,3-diphenylacetone -> tetraphenylcyclopentadienone

48
Q

Mechanism of self-condensation, acetophenone

A

OH removes alpha hydrogen -> negative C attaches to carbonyl C, making that O negative -> reacts with water produced in step one to turn negative O into OH, produces OH -> electrons are moved from double bond up to O and OH removes another alpha hydrogen, producing water -> double bonds are made on the original O and from the carbon that kept getting hydrogens removed to carbonyl carbon, OH is leaving group

49
Q

What is the ratio between NaBH4 and its reactants?

50
Q

Define oxidation and reduction

A

Oxidation: Increase O or decrease H, Reduction: Decrease O or increase H

51
Q

Describe the half-cell method for balancing redox reactions

A

balance non H and O atoms -> balance O by adding H2O -> balance H by adding H+ -> balance charge by adding e- -> multiply both half-cells to match

52
Q

What reaction is avoided by keeping glassware dry in the Grignard experiment?

A

RMgX + H2O -> RH + Mg + OH

53
Q

What is the reactivity of halogens in grignard reagents?

54
Q

What side reaction does RMgX make during its creation? How can this be avoided?

A

RMgX + RX -> RR + MgX2

Add bromobenzene slowly

55
Q

What is the reaction grignard reagents make with oxygen?

A

RMgX + O2 -> ROOH + ROH + HOMgX

56
Q

Reaction rates double with each ———– increase

57
Q

What are some problems with changing solvents? (for grignard, but could apply broadly)

A

Reactants not soluble, side reactions at higher BP, difficult to remove solvent

58
Q

What is the reaction that occurs with the triphenylmethanol to produce a red color?

A

Triphenylmethanol + H2SO4 -> Ph3COH2+ -> Ph3C+ and H2O

59
Q

What are the limitations of an aldol reaction?

A

Reactants with only one alpha hydrogen cannot dehydrate, reactants without any alpha hydrogens cannot undergo reaction

60
Q

Name and describe naturally occuring aldol products

A

Chalcones, Ketone where one side is benzene and the other is C=C-Ph

61
Q

Describe the orientation of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone

A

Not planar, due to steric crowding

62
Q

When are dehydrated intermediates favored in aldol reactions?

A

lower temp, lower base concentration

63
Q

In the reduction experiment, what is the side reaction with NaBH4 and the product?

A

NaBH4 + ROH -> NaB(OR)4 + H2

64
Q

What are the two layers in the reduction experiment?

A

top is stuff like H2BO3, NaCl, and HCl

bottom is 9-fluorenol, 9-fluorenone

65
Q

Describe glassware setup for reduction experiment

A

conical vial + claisen adaptor + water jacketed condenser (on non-vial side)

66
Q

Describe the glassware setup for the grignard experiment

A

Conical vial + claisen adaptor + syringe (vial side) and water-jacketed condenser with drying tube (non-vial side)

67
Q

How can you help initiate a grignard experiment?

A

crushing/scratching Mg, adding I2, adding 1,2-dibromoethane, adding PhMgBr, ultrasound, heating

68
Q

Describe the drying agent for the grignard experiment and the indication of its hydration

A

drierite, CaSO4, blue to pink

69
Q

Describe the two layers formed during grignard workup

A

Top is Ph3COH and biphenyl, bottom is HCl, MgCl2

70
Q

What is another name for trituration

71
Q

How is the product isolated in the grignard experiment

A

add hexane, vacuum filtration

Z - Chem 2229 (Organic Chemistry II Lab) (8 decks)

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