Midterm Flashcards
In which salivary gland do most salivary cancers occur?
Parotid
Radiation therapy of which of the following cancers does not include regional lymph nodes?
a. Early staged parotid
b. Early staged larynx
c. Early staged nasopharynx
d. All of the above include regional lymph nodes
Early staged larynx
What structure of the neck is also known as the glottis?
True vocal cords
What is the name of the leaf-shaped cartilage that protects the larynx?
Epiglottis
What is commonly referred to as the voice box?
Larynx
What is the most common histologic type of head and neck cancer?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
What is the most common form of larynx cancer?
Squamous Cell
What condition frequently develops in users of smokeless tobacco?
Leukoplakia
What is the most common presenting symptom of larynx cancer?
Hoarseness
Which of the following is a function of saliva?
a. Lubricate the food bolus
b. Digestion
c. Oral hygiene
d. All of the above
All of the above
Which salivary gland is associated with the Stensen duct?
Parotid
Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for larynx cancer?
a. Epstein-Barr virus
b. Poor nutrition
c. Alcohol abuse
d. Human papillomavirus
Epstein-Barr Virus
Which anatomic structure contains the true vocal cords?
Glottis
Which of the following is not a division of the pharynx?
a. Parapharynx
b. Nasopharynx
c. Oropharynx
d. Laryngopharynx
Parapharynx
T/F: Collectively, head and neck cancers are more common in women than men.
False
T/F: Over the past decade, the incidence of larynx cancers is on the rise.
False
T/F: Most larynx cancers are discovered early.
True
T/F: Most salivary glad cancers are squamous cell carcinomas.
False (Adenocarcinomas)
T/F: Laser excision is the most common treatment for T3 laryngeal cancers.
False
T/F: Xerostomia is a common side effect associated with traditional radiation therapy for early larynx cancer.
False
Which cancer can be treated using a water bath to provide dose homogeneity by compensating for the irregular surface with tissue-equivalent material?
Penis
Cancer of which urinary organ is most common?
Bladder
What is the most common form of kidney cancer?
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
What is the most common form of penile cancer?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
What is the primary treatment option for kidney cancer?
Surgery
Kidney carcinoma can be attributed to which of the following?
I. Cigarette use
II. Obesity
III. Betel nut chewing
I and II
What is the most common presenting symptom of CA kidney?
Hematuria
When treating bladder cancer with surgery, what is a TUR?
Trans Urethral Resection
In radiation Therapy, when treating the bladder, it is usually:
a. Full
b. Empty
c. Almost empty
d. It does not matter
Empty
What is the most common risk factor for kidney cancer?
Smoking
What is Gerota’s fascia?
The covering of the kidney
What are common sites for metastases from CA Bladder?
a. Lung
b. Bone
c. Liver
d. All of the above
All of the above
What is the most common site of metastases from kidney cancer?
Lung
T/F: Bladder cancer is more common in men than women.
True
T/F: Radiation Therapy is typically used as a primary treatment option for cancer of the bladder.
False
T/F: Topical chemotherapy is often used when treating low stage penile cancer.
True
At what age should women of normal risk begin having regular annual screening mammograms?
40
What does DCIS stand for?
Ductal Carcinoma in situ
Cacinoma in situ is at what stage?
stageZero
Inflammatory breast cancer is always classified as which T stage?
T4D
The lower border of the breast extends to which rib?
Sixth
In what quadrant do most breast cancers occur?
Upper outer quadrant (right breast)
What ligament holds the breast in place?
Cooper
What stage is a 6-cm breast cancer in the upper inner quadrant?
T3
Which of the following techniques may be used to adequately irradiate the internal mammary (IM) lymph nodes while limiting the exposure to other organs?
a. Anterior posterior (AP) 6 MV only
b. Anterior posterior (AP) photon/electron combination
c. Anterior posterior (AP) 6 MeV only
d. Extended medial tangent
Anterior posterior (AP) photon/electron combination
T/F: Chemotherapy is an effective treatment for salivary gland tumors.
False
T/F: Primary function of the oral cavity is respiration.
False
T/F: Bladder cancer is more common in men than women.
True
T/F: Radiation Therapy is typically used as primary treatment option for cancers of the bladder.
False
T/F: Topical chemotherapy is often used when treating low stage penile cancers.
True
T/F: A woman’s risk of developing breast cancer is 1 in 8.
True
T/F: Breast implants at an early age increases a woman’s risk for developing breast cancer.
False
T/F: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women.
True
T/F: Breast cancer risks such as hormonal variables, early menarchy, and late menopause increase your risk, while oopherectomy before 50 decreases the risk.
True
T/F: External beam radiation therapy for breast cancer irradiates the entire breast regardless of the tumor size.
True (if you’re doing external)
T/F: Inverted nipples are always an indication of breast cancer.
False
T/F: Most breast lumps feel hard and have irregular edges.
False
T/F: Most breast cancers are infiltrating ductal carcinomas.
True
T/F: Radiation Therapy is the only treatment necessary for T1 and T2 breast cancers.
False (Lumpectomy first)
T/F: Posterior axillary boost field delivers 180 cGy to the axillary lymph nodes.
True
A woman’s risk of developing breast cancer in the United States is ____________.
1 in 8
