Final Exam Flashcards
Which of the following cancers would most likely be seen in a child?
a. retinoblastoma
b. primary brain
c. osteosarcoma
d. hodgkin’s disease (HD)
b. Primary Brain
Children are most likely to develop which type of leukemia?
ALL
Ewing sarcomas are cancers of which organ?
Bone
Rhabdomyosarcomas are cancers of which organ?
Mesenchymal
The craniospinal treatment technique is used to treat what specific type of pediatric cancer?
Medulloblastoma
What is the most common presenting symptom of a soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity?
Mass
What is the most common intracranial tumor in children?
Astrocytoma
Which pediatric cancer has the best overall survival?
Hodgkin’s Disease
Which area is most likely to develop rhabdomyosarcoma?
Head and Neck
Which pediatric cancer spreads through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Medulloblastoma
Which pediatric cancer occurs in the testes and ovaries?
Germ Cell Tumor
Wilms’ tumors are cancers of which organ?
Kidney
Medulloblastomas typically begin in which area of the brain?
Cerebellum
Which pediatric brain tumor often mimics medulloblastomas?
Ependymomas
The most common pediatric cancer is _________________.
Acute Leukemia
Anatomically, the radiation treatment area most common for Wilms’ tumor is the
Abdomen
Which of the following has the highest incidence in children?
a. retinoblastoma
b. neuroblastomy
c. ALL
d. wilms’ tumor
c. ALL
The spleen is commonly associated with which of the following blood cell types?
Red Blood Cells
. What is the most common presenting symptom of HD?
Painless Mass
What is the most common long-term side effect of total lymphoid irradiation?
Secondary Malignancy
Which lymphoma is most common in young African males?
Burkitt Lymphoma
Which of the following are large lymphoid cells that contain multiple nuclei and are often used to determine the presence of Hodgkin Lymphoma?
Reed-sternberg Cells
Hodgkin lymphoma rates are highest in which age range?
20-34
Non-hodgkin lymphoma rates are highest in which age range?
65-84
What is the current 3-year survival rate of patient with GBM?
2.2%
What is the most common type of brain tumor?________________________________
Metastatic
What grade are GBMS?______________
IV
What is the most common source of brain metastases?___________
Lung
Which of the following cells are responsible for myelin production?
Schwann Cells
Which of the following factors can limit the usefulness of surgery for CNS neoplasms?
a. Tumor location and extent
b. Patient status
c. Risk of causing neurologic damage
d. All of the above
d. All o the above
Which portion of the brain is the site of intelligence and judgement? _________
Cerebrum
. Which of the following conditions id a contraindication for stereotactic radiosurgery?
5 lesions
In which portion of the CNS do most CNS tumors occur?__________
Cerebrum
What is the most common grade of gliomas? _________
High
What is the five-year survival rate for all CNS tumors combined?___________
35 percent
Which of the following is most significant to the prognosis of brain tumors? A) Tumor size B) Lymph node involvement C) Metastases D) Grade
D) Grade
What defines the inferior field border for the treatment of the whole brain for palliation?________
Superior Orbital ridge and the external auditory meatus
A mantle field is used to treat which type of cancer?___________
Hodgkin’s Disease
In what general anatomical location is Waldeyer ring located?_______
Mouth
The abdominal para-aortic treatment portal includes what organ?
Spleen
What landmark is typically used to determine the lower border of the mantle field?
T10
What landmark is typically used to determine the lower border of the abdominal portion of the inverted-Y field?
L4-L5
What stage is a Hodgkin lymphoma affecting only the right cervical lymph nodes?________________
Stage I
What stage is a Hodgkin lymphoma that involves SCV lymph nodes and the spleen?______________
Stage III
What stage is a Hodkin lymphoma with extralymphatic extension?_________
Stage IV
What stage is a Hodgkin lymphoma affecting two lymph node groups on the same side of the diaphragm?__________________
Stage II
Which treatment field for HD includes the inguinal lymph node chain?
Inverted Y (pelvic portion)
Which treatment field for HD includes the axillary lymph node chain?______
Mantle
Which treatment field for HD includes the retroperitoneal lymph node chain?_______
Inverted Y (pelvic portion)
Which of the following is not a B symptom?
Diarrhea
Which of the following organs is most closely associated with the lymphatic system?
Spleen
What is the most common presenting symptom of HD?______
Painless Mass
T/F Follicular lymphoma is the most common form of NHL
False
T/F NHLs are highly curable.
False
T/F NHLs are adequately staged using the Ann Arbor staging system.
False
T/F Infections with certain viruses are a risk factor for HD.
True
T/F T2 lesions are the most common stage of primary brain tumors.
False
T/F metastatic brain lesions are more common in children that are primary brain tumors.
False
T/F Radiation necrosis of brain tissue occurs with doses higher than 6000 cGy.
True
T/F Primary brain lesions are the leading cause of cancer related deaths in children.
False
T/F Retinoblastoma is the most common cancer in children.
False
What area is lymphoma most common?
Cervical Nodes
From which cells to medulloblastomas arise?
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)
What is the most common CNS tumor in children?
Medulloblastoma
Which tumors spread through the cerebral spinal fluid?
Medulloblastoma
Which of the following is a late effect of brain irradiation in children?
Decreased IQ
