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110 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are dental caries?

A

pathologic process and destruction of hard tooth structure by bacterial microorganisms
Progresses from enamel inward

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2
Q

What is periodontal disease?

A

Pathologic process of destruction of structures that surround and support the teeth

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3
Q

What is the hygienist role in prevention as well as process of care?

A 
Assessment
Diagnose
Plan
Implement
Evaluate
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4
Q

What is the primary level of prevention?

A

prevent onset, reverse, or arrest disease progression

Known as DH

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5
Q

What is the secondary level of prevention?

A

Use routine treatment to terminate a disease and restore tissue
Known as restorative care

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6
Q

What is the tertiary level of prevention?

A

Replace lost tissues and rehabilitate to as near to normal as possible
Known as reconstructive care

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7
Q

What is culture?

A

pattern of human behavior including language, thoughts, communications beliefs etc of racial, ethnic, religious groups

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8
Q

What happens if hcp understand cultural competence?

A

Improved health outcomes

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9
Q

What is dental public health?

A

concerned w/ education of public, research application and admin of public health programs

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10
Q

What are community programs that try and prevent disease?

A 
Promoting education and prevention
Increase coverage of access
Enhance dental workforce
Increase finance and reimbursement
Improving quality of data and surveillance
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11
Q

What is an acquired pellicle?

A

Acellular and organic
Consists of glycoproteins from saliva
Reforms immediately

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12
Q

What does the acquired pellicle do?

A

Protects, lubricate, area for bacteria and calculus to attach to

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13
Q

What is dental plaque?

A

Naturally acquired, multi-spieces biofilm,

Can accumulate everywhere

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14
Q

What factors affect how dental plaque is formed?

A

Diet, age, salivary flow, OH, tooth alignment

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15
Q

How is dental plaque formed?

A

bacteria from everywhere

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16
Q

What is materia alba?

A

whitish material, clearly visible, loosly headhunter mass of bacteria and cellular debris

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17
Q

What is the stage of formation for dental biofilm?

A

Formation of pellicle
Bacterial multiplication and colonization
Biofilm growth and maturation
Matrix formation

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18
Q

What is pellicle formation?

A

immediately

attraction to certain bacteria

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19
Q

What is bacterial multiplication?

A

Form in layers, mass continuously grows

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20
Q

What happens in the first few hours on bacterial multiplication?

A

Gram + and cocci rods come in

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21
Q

What happens in the first 2 days of bacterial multiplication?

A

Double in size

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22
Q

What happens in the 4-5 day of bacterial multiplication

A

Most dramatic change

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23
Q

What happens at day 21 of bacterial multiplication?

A

Bacterial replication slows
Initial layers aerobic
Deeper down anaerobic

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24
Q

What is the composition of dental plaque?

A 
Inorganic elements, 
Organic components (carbs and proteins)
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25
Q

What is the development of dental caries?

A

Cariogenic food, dental biofilm, acid formation, demineralization, dental caries

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26
Q

What is a primary colonizer in dental plaque?

A

Gram +

Primarily harmless

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27
Q

What is a secondary colonizer in dental plaque?

A

Arrive later
Gram + and -
Can cause caries and periodontal disease

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28
Q

What are the 4 types of carious lesions?

A

Pit and fissure
Smooth Surface
Root Surface
Secondary/recurrent

29
Q

What are 4 zones of incipient carious lesions?

A

Demineralization toward dentoenamel junction to pulp
Over/frank lesions characterized by actual cavitation
Rampant decay

30
Q

Which bacteria is present in the highest number during the caries process?

A

Mutans streptococcus

31
Q

How long does it take to neutralize liquid sugars?

A

20 min

32
Q

How long does it take to neutralize solid/sticky sugars?

A

40 min

33
Q

What pH does a root caries occur at?

A

6.0

34
Q

What is the importance of Ca and P ions?

A

When tooth demineralizes these do and are needed when it remineralizes

35
Q

What is the primary site of calculus?

A

teeth, implants, dentures and other appliances

36
Q

What does is subgingival calculus like?

A

Brittle flint like
harder and denser than supra
Brown or black

37
Q

How long does it initially take for calculus to form?

A

12 hours

38
Q

How long does it take calculus to mineralize?

A

3-20 depending upon the person

39
Q

Where does calculus attach to?

A 
Acquire pellice (not common)
Minute irregularties in tooth surface
Direct contact (tooth surface, most common)
40
Q

How mineralized is calclulus for supra and sub?

A

30% for supra

60% for sub

41
Q

What is the significance of radiographs?

A

Calculus shows up white,
Road map
Interproximally

42
Q

What are the 4 defense mechanisms operational in oral cavity?

A

Anatomic barrier
Normal oral flora
Immune system
Saliva

43
Q

What is cellular immunity?

A

B-cells

Bone marrow

44
Q

What is humoral immunity

A

T Cells

Thymus

45
Q

What do cellular and humoral immunity do?

A

Defend body against bacteria and viruses

46
Q

What immunoglobulin is important to dentristy

A

IgA

47
Q

What do granulocytes do as a defense?

A

Find and attack foreign invaders

48
Q

What teeth do the PHP measure?

A

3,8,14,19,24,30

49
Q

How do you classify stain by location?

A

Extrinsic

Intrinsic

50
Q

How do you classify stain by source?

A

Exogenous

Endogenous

51
Q

Exogenous

A

Extrinsic (stay on surface)

Intrinsic (becomes incorporated w/ tooth)

52
Q

Endogenous

A

Always intrinsic

Usually dentin showing through

53
Q

What is enamel hypoplasia?

A

enamel disturbance during development, ameloblastic disturbance

54
Q

What is amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

Without enamel

55
Q

Dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A

Opalescent

56
Q

When was the first TB invented?

A

618-907 by Tang Dynasty

57
Q

What types of bristles are there?

A

Nylon (preferred)

Natural (gross)

58
Q

What are tufts?

A

How the bristles are grouped

59
Q

What is bass method?

A

45 degree at sulcus, horizontal vib jiggle

Good for everyone

60
Q

What is the stillman method?

A

45 degree to apex
Bristles 1/2 on gingival 1/2 on tooth
Jiggle motion
Good for gingival recession

61
Q

What is charter’s

A

45 degree to occlusal/incisal plane
Circular vib motions from gingival margin onto tooth
Orthodontics

62
Q

What is horizontal methods?

A

90 degrees to tooth
Short horizontal strokes
Not recommended

63
Q

Fones Method

A

90 degrees to tooth
Large circles over teeth and gingiva
Recommended for children

64
Q

Leonards Method

A

90 degrees to tooth
Vertical strokes
Not recommended

65
Q

Roll Stroke Method

A

Bristles places apically or parallel
Place, press, vibrate and roll
Recommended for children who can’t master bass/fones

66
Q

Smith method

A

Occlusal surface
Move back and forth
Not recommnded

67
Q

How often should you change your brush?

A

every 3-4 months

68
Q

What are interdental brushes used for?

A

Braces
2+3 embrasures
Under bridges

69
Q

What does a rubber tip stimulator do?

A

stimulate gingiva

110 (5 decks)

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