Midterm

Question 1

What are dental caries?

Answer 1

pathologic process and destruction of hard tooth structure by bacterial microorganisms
Progresses from enamel inward

Question 2

What is periodontal disease?

Answer 2

Pathologic process of destruction of structures that surround and support the teeth

Question 3

What is the hygienist role in prevention as well as process of care?

Answer 3

Assessment
Diagnose
Plan
Implement
Evaluate

Question 4

What is the primary level of prevention?

Answer 4

prevent onset, reverse, or arrest disease progression

Known as DH

Question 5

What is the secondary level of prevention?

Answer 5

Use routine treatment to terminate a disease and restore tissue
Known as restorative care

Question 6

What is the tertiary level of prevention?

Answer 6

Replace lost tissues and rehabilitate to as near to normal as possible
Known as reconstructive care

Question 7

What is culture?

Answer 7

pattern of human behavior including language, thoughts, communications beliefs etc of racial, ethnic, religious groups

Question 8

What happens if hcp understand cultural competence?

Answer 8

Improved health outcomes

Question 9

What is dental public health?

Answer 9

concerned w/ education of public, research application and admin of public health programs

Question 10

What are community programs that try and prevent disease?

Answer 10

Promoting education and prevention
Increase coverage of access
Enhance dental workforce
Increase finance and reimbursement
Improving quality of data and surveillance

Question 11

What is an acquired pellicle?

Answer 11

Acellular and organic
Consists of glycoproteins from saliva
Reforms immediately

Question 12

What does the acquired pellicle do?

Answer 12

Protects, lubricate, area for bacteria and calculus to attach to

Question 13

What is dental plaque?

Answer 13

Naturally acquired, multi-spieces biofilm,

Can accumulate everywhere

Question 14

What factors affect how dental plaque is formed?

Answer 14

Diet, age, salivary flow, OH, tooth alignment

Question 15

How is dental plaque formed?

Answer 15

bacteria from everywhere

Question 16

What is materia alba?

Answer 16

whitish material, clearly visible, loosly headhunter mass of bacteria and cellular debris

Question 17

What is the stage of formation for dental biofilm?

Answer 17

Formation of pellicle
Bacterial multiplication and colonization
Biofilm growth and maturation
Matrix formation

Question 18

What is pellicle formation?

Answer 18

immediately

attraction to certain bacteria

Question 19

What is bacterial multiplication?

Answer 19

Form in layers, mass continuously grows

Question 20

What happens in the first few hours on bacterial multiplication?

Answer 20

Gram + and cocci rods come in

Question 21

What happens in the first 2 days of bacterial multiplication?

Answer 21

Double in size

Question 22

What happens in the 4-5 day of bacterial multiplication

Answer 22

Most dramatic change

Question 23

What happens at day 21 of bacterial multiplication?

Answer 23

Bacterial replication slows
Initial layers aerobic
Deeper down anaerobic

Question 24

What is the composition of dental plaque?

Answer 24

Inorganic elements, 
Organic components (carbs and proteins)

Question 25

What is the development of dental caries?

Answer 25

Cariogenic food, dental biofilm, acid formation, demineralization, dental caries

Question 26

What is a primary colonizer in dental plaque?

Answer 26

Gram + | Primarily harmless

Question 27

What is a secondary colonizer in dental plaque?

Answer 27

Arrive later Gram + and - Can cause caries and periodontal disease

Question 28

What are the 4 types of carious lesions?

Answer 28

Pit and fissure Smooth Surface Root Surface Secondary/recurrent

Question 29

What are 4 zones of incipient carious lesions?

Answer 29

Demineralization toward dentoenamel junction to pulp Over/frank lesions characterized by actual cavitation Rampant decay

Question 30

Which bacteria is present in the highest number during the caries process?

Answer 30

Mutans streptococcus

Question 31

How long does it take to neutralize liquid sugars?

Answer 31

20 min

Question 32

How long does it take to neutralize solid/sticky sugars?

Answer 32

40 min

Question 33

What pH does a root caries occur at?

Answer 33

6.0

Question 34

What is the importance of Ca and P ions?

Answer 34

When tooth demineralizes these do and are needed when it remineralizes

Question 35

What is the primary site of calculus?

Answer 35

teeth, implants, dentures and other appliances

Question 36

What does is subgingival calculus like?

Answer 36

Brittle flint like harder and denser than supra Brown or black

Question 37

How long does it initially take for calculus to form?

Answer 37

12 hours

Question 38

How long does it take calculus to mineralize?

Answer 38

3-20 depending upon the person

Question 39

Where does calculus attach to?

Answer 39

``` Acquire pellice (not common) Minute irregularties in tooth surface Direct contact (tooth surface, most common) ```

Question 40

How mineralized is calclulus for supra and sub?

Answer 40

30% for supra | 60% for sub

Question 41

What is the significance of radiographs?

Answer 41

Calculus shows up white, Road map Interproximally

Question 42

What are the 4 defense mechanisms operational in oral cavity?

Answer 42

Anatomic barrier Normal oral flora Immune system Saliva

Question 43

What is cellular immunity?

Answer 43

B-cells | Bone marrow

Question 44

What is humoral immunity

Answer 44

T Cells | Thymus

Question 45

What do cellular and humoral immunity do?

Answer 45

Defend body against bacteria and viruses

Question 46

What immunoglobulin is important to dentristy

Answer 46

IgA

Question 47

What do granulocytes do as a defense?

Answer 47

Find and attack foreign invaders

Question 48

What teeth do the PHP measure?

Answer 48

3,8,14,19,24,30

Question 49

How do you classify stain by location?

Answer 49

Extrinsic | Intrinsic

Question 50

How do you classify stain by source?

Answer 50

Exogenous | Endogenous

Question 51

Exogenous

Answer 51

Extrinsic (stay on surface) | Intrinsic (becomes incorporated w/ tooth)

Question 52

Endogenous

Answer 52

Always intrinsic | Usually dentin showing through

Question 53

What is enamel hypoplasia?

Answer 53

enamel disturbance during development, ameloblastic disturbance

Question 54

What is amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 54

Without enamel

Question 55

Dentinogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 55

Opalescent

Question 56

When was the first TB invented?

Answer 56

618-907 by Tang Dynasty

Question 57

What types of bristles are there?

Answer 57

Nylon (preferred) | Natural (gross)

Question 58

What are tufts?

Answer 58

How the bristles are grouped

Question 59

What is bass method?

Answer 59

45 degree at sulcus, horizontal vib jiggle | Good for everyone

Question 60

What is the stillman method?

Answer 60

45 degree to apex Bristles 1/2 on gingival 1/2 on tooth Jiggle motion Good for gingival recession

Question 61

What is charter's

Answer 61

45 degree to occlusal/incisal plane Circular vib motions from gingival margin onto tooth Orthodontics

Question 62

What is horizontal methods?

Answer 62

90 degrees to tooth Short horizontal strokes Not recommended

Question 63

Fones Method

Answer 63

90 degrees to tooth Large circles over teeth and gingiva Recommended for children

Question 64

Leonards Method

Answer 64

90 degrees to tooth Vertical strokes Not recommended

Question 65

Roll Stroke Method

Answer 65

Bristles places apically or parallel Place, press, vibrate and roll Recommended for children who can't master bass/fones

Question 66

Smith method

Answer 66

Occlusal surface Move back and forth Not recommnded

Question 67

How often should you change your brush?

Answer 67

every 3-4 months

Question 68

What are interdental brushes used for?

Answer 68

Braces 2+3 embrasures Under bridges

Question 69

What does a rubber tip stimulator do?

Answer 69

stimulate gingiva