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Honors Biology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

What is not a goal of Science?

A

To use data to support a particular point of view

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2
Q

The work of scientists begins with what?

A

Careful observations

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3
Q

Science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because science relies on what?

A

Testing explanations

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4
Q

Information gathered from observing a plant grow 3 cm over a two week period results in what?

A

Data

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5
Q

You state that the presence of water could accelerate the growth of bread mold. This is a what?

A

Hypothesis

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6
Q

A hypothesis may be disproved by what?

A

a single experiment

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7
Q

Hypotheses may arise from what?

A

Prior knowledge, logical inferences, and imaginative guesses

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8
Q

Which of the following is a valid hypothesis for why a plant appears to be dying?

A

All of the above

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9
Q

In science, a hypothesis is useful only if it can be what?

A

It can be tested

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10
Q

Which of the following is not apart of how scientists work?

A

Generalizing

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11
Q

A controlled experiment allows the Scientists to isolate and test what?

A

Several Variables

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12
Q

Scientists publish the details of important experiments so that what?

A

Their work can be repeated

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13
Q

The ability to reproduce results is an important part of any of what?

A

A experiment

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14
Q

When enough experimental data supports a hypothesis, the hypothesis becomes a what?

A

A theory

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15
Q

What is a Theory?

A

May be revised or replaced

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16
Q

Biology is the study of what?

A

The living world

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17
Q

The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable is called what?

A

Homeostasis

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18
Q

What is he term for land, water, and air on Earth?

A

Ecosystem

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19
Q

What is the term for a group of organisms of one type living in one place?

A

Population

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20
Q

An instrument that allows light to pass through the specimen and uses two lenses to form an image is a what?

A

Compound light microscope

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21
Q

Safety procedures are important when working in what?

A

A Lab, A field, and animals

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22
Q

The three particles that make up an atom are what?

A

Protons, Neutrons, and electrons

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23
Q

The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains what?

A

electrons

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24
Q

The nucleus is made up of what?

A

Protons and neutrons

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25
Q

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and what?

A

A different number of neutrons

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26
Q

Which statement about a compound is true?

A

Only the physical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of he elements from which it is formed

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27
Q

A covalent bond is formed as the result of what?

A

Sharing an electron pair

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28
Q

What type of electron is available to form bonds?

A

VAlence electrons

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29
Q

What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?

A

Positive

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30
Q

The most abundant compound in most living things is what?

A

water

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31
Q

Water molecules are polar with the what?

A

oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive

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32
Q

A solution is a what?

A

An evenly distributed mixture of two or more substances

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33
Q

If you stir salt into boiling water, you produce a what?

A

A mixture called a solution

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34
Q

When salt is dissolved in water, water is the what?

A

Solvent

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35
Q

Suspensions are mixtures of what?

A

Water and undissolved material

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36
Q

If the pH of stomach acid and of oven cleaner were measured where would they be on the scale?

A

Stomach acid would be below 7 but oven cleaner would be above 7

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37
Q

A substance with a pH of 6 is called a what?

A

An acid

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38
Q

Solutions that contain concentrations H+ ions lower than pure water are what?

A

Bases

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39
Q

Amino acid is to protein as what?

A

Simple sugar is to starch

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40
Q

A monosaccharide is a what?

A

Carbohydrate

41
Q

Which of the following is a main source of energy to living things?

A

Carbohydrates

42
Q

What do proteins not do?

A

Store heredity

43
Q

In chemical reactions atoms are what?

A

Rearranged

44
Q

When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, water is a what?

A

a product

45
Q

Identify the reactants in the chemical reactions CO2 + H20 = H2CO3?

A

CO2 and H20

46
Q

What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals?

A

Chemical reaction

47
Q

What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started?

A

Activation energy

48
Q

A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a what?

A

Catalyst

49
Q

Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by Changing the what?

A

Speed of the reaction

50
Q

Who was the first person to identify and see cells?

A

Robert Hooke

51
Q

The work of Schlseiden and Schwann can be summarized by saying that what?

A

All plants and animals are made of cells

52
Q

The cell theory applies to what?

A

Bacteria, plants and animals, and multicellular organisms

53
Q

Which cell structure contains the cell’s genetic material and controls the cell’s activities?

A

Nucleus

54
Q

Prokaryotes lack what?

A

A nucleus

55
Q

What contains a nucleus?

A

Eukaryotes

56
Q

Eukaryotes usually contain what?

A

A nucleus, specialized organelles, and genetic material

57
Q

Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?

A

Bacteria

58
Q

The main function of the cell wall is to what?

A

support and protect the cell

59
Q

Unlike the cell membrane the cell wall is made of what?

A

Made of tough fibers

60
Q

You won’t find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?

A

Animals

61
Q

What is not found in a nucleus?

A

Cytoplasm

62
Q

Why is the nucleus important to the cell?

A

The nucleus contains coded instructions for making proteins

63
Q

What does a cytoskeleton do?

A

Keep the shape of the cell

64
Q

Which structures carry out cell movement?

A

Microtubules and microfilaments

65
Q

Which of the following is an organelle found in the cytoplasm?

A

Ribosome

66
Q

Which organelle breaks down food into particles the cell can use?

A

Mitochondrion

67
Q

Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?

A

Ribosomes

68
Q

Which organelle converts food into compounds that the cell uses for growth, development, and movement?

A

Mitochondrion

69
Q

Which Organelle help provide cells with energy?

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

70
Q

Which sequence correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, released from the cell

71
Q

Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not in animal cells?

A

chloroplast

72
Q

What serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment?

A

Cell membrane

73
Q

The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. hat are these channels and pumps made of?

A

Proteins

74
Q

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from what?

A

An area of high concentration to a low concentration?

75
Q

Diffusion occurs because why?

A

Molecules constantly move and collide each other

76
Q

Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?

A

Active transport

77
Q

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called what?

A

Osmosis

78
Q

An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes what?

A

Water to move into the cell

79
Q

A group of cells that perform similar functions are call what?

A

Tissue

80
Q

Work together to perform all the functions in a multicellular organism

A

Organ system

81
Q

What is the order of the levels of multicellular organisms from the simplest to the most complex go in?

A

Cell, tissue, organ, and organ system

82
Q

Organisms that make their own food are what?

A

Autotrophs

83
Q

Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the foods they eat are called what?

A

Heterotrophs

84
Q

What is an example of an autotroph?

A

A tree

85
Q

What is NOT an example of a heterotroph?

A

Grass

86
Q

A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27 C. The gas is probably what?

A

Carbon Dioxide

87
Q

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into what?

A

High-Energy sugars

88
Q

In overall equation for photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide result in six molecules of what?

A

Glucose

89
Q

Plants gather the sun’s energy with light absorbing molecules called what?

A

Pigments (chlorophyll)

90
Q

Plants take in the sun’s energy by absorbing what?

A

Sunlight

91
Q

Most plants appear green because the chlorophyll does what?

A

Does not absorb green light

92
Q

Which region of the visible spectrum is not absorbed well by chlorophyll?

A

Green

93
Q

What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?

A

Oxygen Gas, ATP, And NADPH

94
Q

What is the step for beginning photosynthesis?

A

Pigments in photosystem 2 absorb light

95
Q

The calvin cycle is another name for What?

A

light dependent reactions

96
Q

What is a product of the Calvin Cycle?

A

High-energy sugar

97
Q

How does the calvin cycle differ from the light-dependent reactions

A

It takes place in the stroma

98
Q

If carbon dioxide is removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high energy sugars?

A

Fewer sugars will be produced

Honors Biology (14 decks)

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