Chapter 2.1 The Nature Of Matter

Question 0

Made the concept of an atom

Answer 0

Democritus

Question 1

Basic unit of matter

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

What are the subatomic particles that make up an atom?

Answer 2

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 3

Positively charged particles

Answer 3

Protoms

Question 4

Negatively charged particles

Answer 4

Electrons

Question 5

Particles that have no charge

Answer 5

Neutrons

Question 6

The center of an atom; made up of protons and neutrons

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

Where and what are electrons doing in an atom?

Answer 7

They are an orbit around the nucleus, and the are in constant motion

Question 8

What are electrons attracted to?

Answer 8

The positively charged nucleus

Question 9

Why are the electrons outside of the nucleus?

Answer 9

Because of the energy of their motion

Question 10

Are electrons and protons even or uneven?

Answer 10

Even

Question 11

A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Answer 11

Element

Question 12

How many atoms are known? How many are found in living organisms?

Answer 12

There over 100 atoms, and about two dozen are found in living organisms

Question 13

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain

Answer 13

Isotopes

Question 14

What makes up an atom’s mass number?

Answer 14

The total number of protons and neutrons

Question 15

What do you identify isotopes by?

Answer 15

Their mass number

Question 16

Why do all isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties?

Answer 16

Because they have the same number of electrons

Question 17

What are the ways we use radioactive isotopes?

Answer 17

We use it to determine the ages of rocks and fossils by analyzing the isotopes found in them. We also use them to detect and treat cancer and to kill bacteria that cause food to spoil

Question 18

A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Answer 18

Chemical compound

Question 19

How do scientists show the composition of a compound?

Answer 19

They use the chemical formula

Question 20

What is a compound?

Answer 20

The combining of two or more elements

Question 21

In what ways do compounds differ from their component elements?

Answer 21

The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed

Question 22

What holds compounds together?

Answer 22

Chemical bonds

Question 23

What are the two main types of chemical bonds?

Answer 23

Ionic bond and covalent bonds

Question 24

What are the type of electrons that allow bonds to happen?

Answer 24

Valence electrons

Question 25

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

Answer 25

Ionic bond

Question 26

Positively or negatively charged atoms

Answer 26

Ions

Question 27

Moving electrons travel about the nuclei of both atoms

Answer 27

Covalent bond

Question 28

When two atoms share two electrons it is called a _____

Answer 28

Single covalent bond

Question 29

When atoms share 4 electrons, it is called a _____

Answer 29

Double bond

Question 30

Atoms that share 6 electrons are called _____

Answer 30

A triple bond

Question 31

The structure that results when atoms are joined together by covalent bonds

Answer 31

Molecule

Question 32

The smallest unit of most compounds

Answer 32

Molecule

Question 33

When atoms of the same element join together, what do they form?

Answer 33

A molecule

Question 34

Why can’t all elements join together?

Answer 34

Because of their structures