Midterm 3 - Lecture 20

Question 1

When do stages of repro behaviour occur in males?

Answer 1

can occur at any time

Question 2

When do stages of repro behaviour occur in females?

Answer 2

sexual activity confined to estrus

Question 3

What are the 3 stages of repro behaviour in males?

Answer 3

Precopulatory stage
Copulatory stage
Postcopulatory stage

Question 4

What are the 3 stages of repro behaviour in females?

Answer 4

1. attractivity
2. proceptivity
3. receptivity

Question 5

What is the sequence of events for precopulatory behaviour in males?

Answer 5

search for sexual partner
courtship
sexual arousal
erection penile protrusion

Question 6

What is the sequence of events for copulatory behaviour in males?

Answer 6

mounting
intromission
ejaculation

Question 7

What is the sequence of events for postcopulatory behaviour in males?

Answer 7

dismount
refractory period
memory

Question 8

Flehman response

Answer 8

in the presence of females, the male will lift their upper lip to expose the vomeronasal organ which is a bypass directly into the sinuses to help them detect pheromones when they are present

Question 9

What are ‘warm-up’ stalls? What are they used for?

Answer 9

• stimulate sexual behaviour
• if you want to collect semen (AI), have to create enviro to stimulate males even if female isn’t present
• bulls waiting; stimulated by lots of visuals

Question 10

Female sexual behaviour - attractivity

Answer 10

• behaviour and other signals that attract the male
• locomotion, postures (lordosis), vocalization, pheromones (in urine)

Question 11

Lordosis

Answer 11

female turns hindquarters to male, arching of back, deviation of tail

Question 12

Female sexual behaviour - proceptivity

Answer 12

• behaviours by the female towards the male to stimulate copulation

Question 13

Female sexual behaviour - receptivity

Answer 13

• copulatory behaviour (stance) by the female
• ‘subcoming’ to the mating process

Question 14

How is physical activity related to estrus?

Answer 14

• female in estrus are moving around more which increases the likelihood they will interact with the male

Question 15

What is reproductive behaviour controlled by?

Answer 15

the CNS

Question 16

How does the CNS control repro behaviour?

Answer 16

1. Sensory stimulation initiates repro behaviour
   - visual, olfactory, auditory and/or tactile stimulus send messages to hypothalamus
2. Hypothalamus
   - under the control of E2 (males and females)- sensory inputs cause the release of neurotransmitters that act on the midbrain
   - females: E2 from ovarian follicles
   - males: T4 converted to E2 by aromatase
3. Midbrain
   - neurotransmitters stimulate the production of nervous signals (rapid impulses) to the Medulla
4. Medulla
   - nervous signals relayed to the spinal cord
5. Spinal Cord
   - nervous signal sent to the muscles that cause lordosis &/or mounting

Question 17

When is reproductive behaviour programmed? How?

Answer 17

During prenatal development
- high concentrations of E2 causes the developing behaviour related brain centers to be “defeminized”
- in the absence of high E2 concentrations the developing behaviour related brain centers become “fully feminized”

Question 18

What happens if a female fetus is exposed to steroids prenatally?

Answer 18

• both E2 and T4 will decrease estrous behaviour and increase male-like behaviour

Question 19

What happens if a male fetus is exposed to steroids prenatally?

Answer 19

• E2, P4, or T4 = no effect, normal male behaviour

Question 20

What stimulates ejaculation in Bull & Ram, Stallion, Boar, and Dog?

Answer 20

Bull & Ram: temperature
Stallion: Friction
Boar: Pressure on glans penis
Dog: Pression on penis

Question 21

What are the 3 stages of dog mating?

Answer 21

1. First Stage Coitus (1-2 min)
   - female stands, male mounts and puts penis in
2. The Turn (2-5 sec)
   - swelling of glands, locks penis
3. Second Stage Coitus (5-45 min)
   - tail to tail
   - bulbourus gland and erectile tissue swollen
   - nothing you can do