Lecture 3 - Female Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Broad ligament

A
  • suspends the repro tract in the abdomen and houses the vascular supply, lymphatic drainage, and nerves for the female tract
  • each segment of the BL interacts with a different portion of the tract
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2
Q

3 segments of the broad ligament

A
  1. Mesovarium
  2. Mesosalpinx
  3. Mesometrium
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3
Q

Mesovarium

A
  • houses vascular supply, lymphatic drainage, and nerves for the OVARY
  • forms the ovarian stem = hilus
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4
Q

Mesosalpinx

A
  • thin, transparent segment of the BL that supports the oviduct
  • forms a pouch around the ovary = bursa
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5
Q

Mesometrium

A
  • largest portion of BL
  • supports the UTERINE HORNS- suspended from the dorsal body wall
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6
Q

Utero-ovarian ligament

A

attaches the ovary and the uterus but is not apart of the BL

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7
Q

Area of the ovary where there is follicular development

A

cortex

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8
Q

atretic follicle

A

developing follicle that is deteriorating

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9
Q

mature pre-ovulatory follicle

A

antral/graafian follicle

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10
Q

4 layers of the female tract

A
  1. serosa (outer layer)
  2. muscularis
  3. submucosa
  4. mucosa
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11
Q

Serosa

A
  • single layer of flattened cells that cover the female tract (like skin)
  • exposed to other organs in the abdomen
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12
Q

Muscularis

A
  • double layer of smooth muscles; other longitudinal layer, inner circular layer
  • allows tissues to contract (transport)
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13
Q

Submucosa

A
  • houses blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
  • supporting layer for mucosa
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14
Q

Mucosa

A
  • secretory layer of epithelium in lumen of the reproductive tract
  • properties and role varies for each segment of the tract
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15
Q

Theca cells

A
  • respond to LH and produce testosterone
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16
Q

Granulosa cells

A
  • respond to FSH
  • converts T to E2 (which goes into circulation and the follicular antrum)
17
Q

What parts of the antral follicle stay with the oocyte after ovulation

A
  • corona radiata and cumulus ooporus
18
Q

5 parts of the oviduct

A
  1. infundibulum
  2. ampulla
  3. ampullary-isthmic junction
  4. isthmus
  5. uterotubal junction
19
Q

Infundibulum

A
  • funnel shaped opening closes over the ovary
  • forms “pocket” around the ovary
  • fimbriae sweep oocytes toward the oviduct
20
Q

Ampulla

A
  • upper-half of the oviduct
  • large diameter and ciliated mucosa to transport oocytes to the point of fertilization
21
Q

Ampullary-isthmic junction

A

site of fertilization

22
Q

Site of fertilization

A

Ampullary-isthmic jxn

23
Q

Isthmus

A

-lower-half of the oviduct attached to the uterus
- small diameter tube that transports sperm to AIJ and transports embryos to the uterus

24
Q

Uterotubal junction

A
  • jxn of the uterus and oviduct
  • sperm reservoir
25
Functions of the uterus (controlled by stage of the female cycle)
1. sperm transport to the oviduct 2. maintain pre-implantation embryo 3. maternal portion of placenta - transfer of nutrients to fetus 4. expulsion of fetus and fetal placenta
26
3 tissue layers of the uterus
1. Perimetrium = serosa 2. Myometrium = muscularis 3. Endometrium = mucosa + submucosa
27
Perimetrium
external layer that connects to the mesometrium of the BL
28
Myometrum
- muscle layers of the uterus - facilitates uterine contractions: sperm transport; expulsion of fetus & placenta
29
Endometrium
- cells lining the uterine lumen - roles vary with female cycle: secretions that enhance sperm and embryo survival; signals if pregnancy has been achieved; maternal portion of placenta and transfer of nutrients to fetus
30
Cervix
Thick walled segment of female system that separated the internal tract from the external tract
31
Forms of cervical lumen
1. single fold: bitch and queen 2. multiple folds: sow, ewe, cow & mare
32
Cervical functions
Copulation - cow, ewe, bitch and queen = reservoir/barrier to sperm transport - sow and mare = site of semen deposition Pregnancy - mucus plug conserves the sterile uterine environment
33
Vagina
Copulatory organ of the female - site of semen deposition (cow, ewe, bitch and queen) Thickness and secretions of the mucosa influenced by the estrus cycle - lubricate and protect the vaginal wall
34
Epithelium of the cranial vaginal vs caudal vagina
- Cranial vagina: columnar epithelium - Caudal vagina: stratified squamous epithelium