Midterm 2 - Lecture 13

Question 1

5 components of the semen manufacturing complex

Answer 1

1. manufacturing center = testes
2. finishing shop = excurrent ducts (forward section)
3. warehouse shipping = excurrent ducts (hind section)
4. final alteration & shipping = accessory sex glands
5. delivery system = penis

Question 2

2 primary functions of the scrotum

Answer 2

1. houses and supports the testes
2. temperature control of testes

Question 3

What is the scrotum composed of

Answer 3

1. scrotal skin - rich in sweat glands
2. tunica dartos - smooth muscle that responds to temp
3. scrotal lining - scrotal fascia & parietal vaginal tunic (connective tissue)
4. gubernaculum - connective tissue attaching the testes to the base of the scrotum

Question 4

What do the testes produce?

Answer 4

1. spermatozoa
2. androgens (ex. testosterone)

Question 5

What are the testes composed of?

Answer 5

1. Testicular Capsule
   - visceral vaginal tunica and tunica albuginea (connective tissue)
2. Parenchyma
   - functional layer of testis (making sperm)- contains seminiferous tubules
3. Mediastinum
   - inner layer of connective tissue - house the ReteTubules which drain the seminiferous tubules

Question 6

Testicular Parenchyma

Answer 6

• makes up the majority of the testicular tissue & is composed primarily of seminiferous tubules (site of spermatogenesis)
• also contains: (1) sertoli cells (within seminiferous tubules) (2) leydig cells (between seminiferous tubules)

Question 7

Efferent ducts

Answer 7

drains rete tubules

Question 8

Epididymus (head, body, tail)

Answer 8

• concentrates sperm (removes fluid)
• matures sperm
• stores sperm until ejaculation

Question 9

Ductus Deferens

Answer 9

• connects the epididymus with the urethra - traverses the spermatic cord

Question 10

Testicular “plumbing”

Answer 10

1. seminiferous tubules
2. rete tubules
3. efferent ducts
4. epididymus
5. ductus deferens

Question 11

What are the excurrent ducts?

Answer 11

Efferent Ducts, Epididymus, Ductus Deferens

Question 12

What is the spermatic cord?

Answer 12

Tubular cord-like tissue that extends through the inguinal canal (passage btw the scrotal sac and abdominal cavity)

Question 13

What does the spermatic cord contain?

Answer 13

• Testicular artery & vein = Pampiniform Plexus
• Lymphatic & Nervous Tissue
• Cremaster Muscle
• Ductus Deferens

Question 14

What are the fxns of the spermatic cord?

Answer 14

1. supports and maintains the testes
2. temperature regulation

Question 15

What are accessory sex glands?

Answer 15

• glands of the male repro tract that contribute the seminal plasma (fluid) to semen
  *semen = sperm + seminal plasma

Question 16

What are the 4 accessory sex glands?

Answer 16

1. ampulla - enlargement of the ductus deferens that connects to urethra
2. vesicular gland - contributes fluid, energy substrates and buffers to semen
3. prostate - contributes fluid and inorganic ions (for buffering) to semen
4. bulbourethral - flushes urine residues from the urethra and/or produce gel-fraction (sticky and produced at the end) of semen (first gland to produce pre-ejaculate)

Question 17

What is the penis?

Answer 17

• organ of copulation on the males; forms around the urethra from the point where the urethra leaves the pelvis

Question 18

What is the penis composed of?

Answer 18

1. base - attached to the penile muscles
2. shaft - main portion
3. glans penis - specialized, highly enervated, shape varies dramatically btw species

Question 19

Two types of penis common to livestock

Answer 19

1. Vascular (stallion)
2. Fibroelastic (bull, ram, buck, boar, tom, dog)

Question 20

Vascular penis

Answer 20

• penis composed primarily of erectile tissue
• unstimulated penis is flacid and erection is caused by engorgement of erectile tissue with blood

Question 21

Fibroelastic penis

Answer 21

• penis is rigid and often possesses a sigmoid flexure that permits the penis to retract completely into the body; less erectile tissue, more connective tissue
• retractor muscles relax to permit extension of the penis and contract to draw the penis back into the body