Midterm Flashcards

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Cimabue, Crucifix - Early Renaissance

animated, not convincing, naturalism, father of renaissance of art

minicant orders, side wound, dramatic, art as instrument to theri followers

hanging and placed on top

screens - separate

rud screen - placed on top or hanging above it

focus on body of jesus and connect to the body bread and wine

stylized of anatomical form

body of a beetle

patterns/shapes/geometric

not naturalistic

facial features heavily tramatized

planes and shapes

shadow/hightlights are linear

mosaic style, uses shapes/geometric - adopted for his style

Giotto, Crucifix - Early Renaissance

more naturalistic

light and shadow not sharply outlined

sutle

shorter preparation

squat

gravity/weight

hanging

hands hanging as well

more realistic muscles

not as dynamic

but more sorrow, humble, sadness facial features

translucent drapery

worship with images but of images

aid worship

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2
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Brunelleschi, Sacrifice of Isaac - Early Renaissance

  • youthful isaac, looking at his father abe with a knife looks at the angel
  • clothed
  • relief horizontal
  • distorted
  • angel grab his arm
  • breaks quartrefoil

not idealized, dramatic

Ghiberti, Sacrifice of Isaac - Early Renaissance

  • isaac more masculine, muscular, heroic figure, single bronze piece and won, both looking at each other
  • nude
  • diagonal
  • angel points at lamb

for the cloth merchant guild on baptistry church

quartre foils

  • ghiberti won
  • scene separated by rocks from the donkey and servant
  • gilded

Abreham told to sacrifice his son and when he was about to do it, an angel stopped him and subst. with a sheep.

relationship btw father and son is different

Andrea Pisano, Baptistery Doors

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3
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Lorenzo Ghiberti, St. John the Baptist - Early Renaissance

wool merchants guild

orsanmichele church

last of old testament of phophets; beheaded after request of solomen

fasted in the desert

rugged, thick fabric - drapery - gothic, exaggerated

weight on one side, on a staff and holding the drapery

shift to the hip

s curve stance

camel hair shirt

  • sign of pentence
  • uncomfortable to wear raw hair skin
  • plays with texture
  • passion in his eyes
  • wild hair

long thin face/cheeks

  • arrested for preaching sermons

scroll on cross staff- prophecing jesus

stepping forward

defined bone structure

dynamic

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4
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Donatello
St. Mark
Early Renaissance

linen weavers’ and cloth drapers guild

contrapposto

naturalistic

not dramatic

standing on pillow

left side- straight goes to the floor,

right side - draphery is loose and flowing

curved arm

holding a book - wrote scriptures

hair close cropped

scholar less of a prophet beard

marble

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5
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Donatello
David
Early Renaissance

private commission by the Medici family and placed within their palace

courtyard

  • First life-size nude bronze
  • David represents the Florentine Republic and here probably the Medici
    family. Embodies courage and strength to represent Florence against her

enemies.

  • David stands triumphant (cocky) after defeat of Goliath- his head beneath

David’s feet

  • Erotic aspects in bronze, adolescent nudity, feather running up back of leg

and phallic sword

Michelangelo, David, High Renaissance

  • public commission originally for Cathedral then placed in front of Palazzo

Vecchio as symbol of the Republic

  • frontal, adult nudity - heroic body type with anatomy and musculatureolder
  • represented as preparing for battle rather than after- tension
  • contrapposto
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6
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Masaccio
Tribute Money
Early Renaissance

1) one-point perspective- vanishing point at Jesus’ head, which

directs attention towards him as the central character in the

scene. Action revolves around him.
2) atmospheric perspective- the landscape fades to white and

blurs in the far distance to create a believable space for the

action of the narrative to occur within

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7
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Masolino
Temptation of Adam & Eve
Early Renaissance

suspended in space

emotionless

gothic

true anatomy

perfect creatures before the fall

eve is pure and ideal

sepent with female face

seduced by the sepent bc it looks like her

eve lures adam to take the fruit

Masaccio
Expulsion of Adam & Eve
Early Renaissance

casted out of garden by angel

self awareness

dramatic

eve covering herself - aware of sexuality, fertility, and 1st mother, pain foreshadows childbirth.

adam - head covered in shame for knowledge/awareness

brancacci chapel

opposite of each other

no green stuff, left the green lush

adam has to work for green for man

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8
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Masaccio
Holy Trinity
Early Renaissance

one point perspective - below jesus’ cross

god- holy spirit - jesus

quote means: eventually everyone dies

illusion of space in private cathedral - santa maria novella

right to have portrait and buried there

lowest ledge - man and wife - commisoners : admiration

2nd: mary and john - closer level to divine

god holding jesus up

not alone

dove

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9
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Robert Campin
Mérode Altarpiece (Triptych of the Annunciation)
Early Renaissance

portrait of patron on the left

joseph - carpenter (fatherhood) and mary motherly in the middle. madonna of humility

angel gabriel comes down and tells mary that shes going to have a child

light - penetrate

Three lillies: purity of the Virgin,

Trinity- one still in a bud form, March

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Bible: the word made flesh

Snuffed candle: end of the Old

Testament

White towel: virgin without stain

holy ghost - comes down into flesh to become child in womb

porportions are incorrect

jesus tiny + cross coming down from window without breaking - metaphor of keeping virginity

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10
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Florentine Artist
Portrait of a Man
Early Renaissance
Jan van Eyck
Man in a Red Turban (Self-Portrait)
Early Renaissance

  • Oil paint
  • Dries slowly so that colors can be blended
  • Translucent so glazes can be created and added to enhance coloristic

effects and effect of three-dimensionality

  • Oil paint allows sfumato and makes the work more luminiscent
  • Oil paint can be reworked on the surface of the panel or canvas to create

textural effects

  • With van Eyck- portrait features are more lively and realistic; difference in

textures of skin and cloth

Florentine Artist, Portrait of a Man, Early Renaissance

  • Tempera paint
  • Dries quickly so the design must be complete before color is added
  • light and shadows must be applied in segments- beside each other-
  • opaque so colors cannot be blended
  • mineral pigments- bright colors
  • thin paint that creates a flat, even surface
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11
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Jan van Eyck
Arnolfini Wedding Portrait
Early Renaissance

van eyck was here above the mirror

  • hes in the mirror
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12
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Sandro Botticelli
Primavera
Early Renaissance

north wind/zephyr, cold. coming winter into spring, not fruiting on his side

goldwind to mouth- flowers coming out of flora, pushing trees

nympth - becomes bride, composed, happy

coming of spring

neoplatonic

procreate beauty - active material

contemplate beauty- divine and spiritual

canises/camecha- lingene

give love-ils return farms a circle

elegance spirital

month of may - conlcusion of spring

elegance

wings on feet and helmet

sword - conducious dragons on it, harmony union

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13
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Botticelli
Birth of Venus
Early Renaissance

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14
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Leonardo da Vinci
Last Supper
High Renaissance

located in refrectory/cafeteria

live the different virtues of apostles

one point perspective

jesus eating with them in the center

medium not true fresco technique

mold form on the painting

white lead mixe of tempera and oil

illusion of continuation

vanishing point

shape of a trinity

frame a central window

glow around instead of halo

reaching for bread and wine

figure of judas reaching out for bread, holding a bag of silver and coins

caricature

john the beloved

the youngest deciple

prayer:

peter- sacrificial lamb, chosen one - church

holds knife, cuts one of the ears of the soldiers

groups of 3.

thomas - fingers exaggerated touches wound, pointing up

james - hands /arms in disbelief and the shape of a cross

philip - sense of humility and innocence

Christ

Central figure and placed along the

perspectival orthogonals; red and

blue; window as door; triangle=trinity

He announces: “One of you is about

to betray me.”

Last Supper

Christ announces his betrayal and

death (identifies Judas). John 13:

“He it is to whom I shall reach bread

dipped.”

Establishes the Eucharistic liturgy

with its promise of salvation. “This is

my body which is given for you. Do

this in commemoration of me.”

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15
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Leonardo da Vinci
Mona Lisa
High Renaissance

A portrait of Madonna Elisabetta Gherardini who was married to the

Florentine merchant Francesco del Giocondo

[Machine generated alternative text:]

sfumato:

literally smoky

a technique in painting in which

black is added to hues, tones are

subtly graduated, and contours

blurred to create a soft, hazy

appearance.

curve her body

mystique

abiguity

clothing

remove her from contemporary

dark brown - light

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16
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Michelangelo
Pietà
High Renaissance

cardinal jean de biheres for burial chapel contract - the most beautiful work in marble which exist today in rome

2 figures in one marble

concetto

ideal - concept

bad positioning

mary looks so young

contains heavenly beauty

stayed virgin

divine motherhood/beauty

deep facial appearance exaggerated

deep carving - liberty

copy placed outside

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17
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Michelangelo
David
High Renaissance

deep facial appearnce exaggerated

deep carving

liberty

copy placed outside

  • public commission originally for Cathedral then placed in front of Palazzo

Vecchio as symbol of the Republic

  • frontal, adult nudity - heroic body type with anatomy and musculatureolder
  • represented as preparing for battle rather than after- tension
  • contrapposto
18
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Michelangelo
Sistine Chapel Ceiling
High Renaissance

creation of adam and eve and fall

leads to the flood and creates agriculture?

life of jesus and moses

end of humanity last judgment on the last wall

fresco

moveable bridge

assistants helped grind pigments, transfer drawings

florentine art

can’t do in venice bc moisture

looks toward alter

started with noah - had many figures. realized it cant be seen from the floor

changed to one or 2 figures

angels- complex figures

sun and moon creation

god separating light and darkness

Fresco

Intonaco: wet plaster

Pigments: diluted in water

Binder: lime of the plaster

Cartoon: drawing to transfer

Giornata: day of painting

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Michelangelo
Creation of Adam
High Renaissance

contrasting statement

god’s hand forced out

liveliness

analysis of brain shape

made adam from earth

not touched by god yet/no breath.

leaving, curved it, lack energy limp hand

angels without wings

not interested in wings

embraces female eve represented, jesus in the picture next to her

had gestures in a diagonal

open to closed gestures/postures

aged in body

immortality gone after sin

20
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Michelangelo
Temptation and Expulsion
High Renaissance

creation of adam

contrasting statement

god’s hand forced out

liveliness

analysis of brain shape

made adam from earth

not touched by god yet/no breath.

leaving, curved it, lack energy limp hand

angels without wings

not interested in wings

embraces female eve represented, jesus in the picture next to her

had gestures in a diagonal

open to closed gestures/postures

aged in body

immortality gone after sin creation of adam

contrasting statement

god’s hand forced out

liveliness

analysis of brain shape

made adam from earth

not touched by god yet/no breath.

leaving, curved it, lack energy limp hand

angels without wings

not interested in wings

embraces female eve represented, jesus in the picture next to her

had gestures in a diagonal

open to closed gestures/postures

aged in body

immortality gone after sin”

21
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Raphael
Disputà
High Renaissance

sacrament of eucharist: bread and wine transubstantiated both theology and spiritually

circle: perfect and never ending - god

holy trinity and holy spirit in painting

rectangle - cycle life on earth

seasons, temps

mans duo nature

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Raphael
School of Athens
High Renaissance

gods inspiration and reasoning

plato and aristotle - distinguish

2 realms : plato: old, unkempt and barefood - point to heaven

artistotle - firm, reached out - parallel to earth. planted on earth

diagrams show

ethics books - horizontal

stairs separate pure philosophy from mathmaticians

harmonic porportions

euclid - and other astronomy

self- portrait

one philosopher out of place

michelangelo araclisti??

resting on the block of marble out of place immobilized waiting for inspiration

new artist

water pased paint on paper - sketch

michel wan’t originally part of painting, series of sketchy and drawing

23
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Titian
Madonna with Rabbit
High Renaissance

Colorito: Venetian style of painting that emphasized color and

light over line and form; process of the application of paint is

important; bold brushstrokes with oil on canvas.

oil

Michelangelo
Doni Tondo
High Renaissance

tempera

Disegno: Florentine style of painting that emphasized design

preparation based on preliminary drawing; focus on line and

form, modeling wiht light and shadow; tempera paint and fresco.

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Titian
Assumption of the Virgin
High Renaissance

commissioned for Venetian Church of the Frari (the Franciscan Basilica of Santa Maria Gloriosa die Frari)

monumental alterpiece
“Glorious Saint Mary”
painting conveys light through color
subject is Mary ascending to heaven
23 ft high
painted on wood paneling instead of canvas

Mary is assumed after 3 days of sleep into heaven

painting is divided into 3 levels
bottom, mid-realm with Mary, top level with God
alter piece is separated by a rue(?) screen
compare to Raphael - uses real gold
red as a color of love and passion - Mary in red ascending to God

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Titian Venus of Urbino High Renaissance ## Footnote influenced by Giorgione’s Sleeping Venus mystical incorporated into the shape of nature through the landscape the reclining female nude first appeared on cassones realistic colder tones of painting holding roses heavily adorned - could be types of gifts a woman might receive for engagement love and fertility or beautiful female image and its erotic power? Duke of Urbino bought the painting beginning of making the female as the subject/purpose of art direct confrontation with eye contact in female painting is giving the name Venus in 1548?? takes away mythology cream colored skin dog in painting is associated with lust, represents notions of luxury or baser desires academic nude Titian’s painting influences and almost starts the female nude addresses the spectator, sometimes through the nude female’s gaze coy, candid, offering of self arranged at a distance curvaceous
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Bruegel Netherlandish Proverbs Northern Renaissance 100 proverbs cloacking husband to fool him adultery, cuckled husband, don't throw roses before the swine - fruitlessness shear sheeps or pigs - fruitlessness, do something more productive don't cry over spilled milk/cream living from bread (paycheck) to bread don't tile your house with tarts - impractical Banging your head against a wall. Two dogs and bone. Don't cry over spilled milk
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Bruegel Peasant's Wedding Feast Northern Renaissance ethnographic studies on their culture Genre Painting: new painting genre about everyday life rather than history painting of Biblical or mythical scenes. Protestant Reformation: No images in the church. New types of patronage. Now scenes of life instead of devotional art. van eyck like - texture shown beer - peasant drink bride sits in front of cloth of\_\_\_?? peppermint crown liveliness bride look distracted, not eating, not idealized some considered moral against gluttonly
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Durer Fall of Man Northern Renaissance ## Footnote print background is very German engravings create different textures done backwards on block for print keeps decorum by not showing the figures entirely nude prints can be distributed to more people so censorship of the figures are needed figure of Eve represents different things but also has Venus tied into humors: fluids in the body that affect personalities; different parts of the brain affecting personalities; designating 4 different humors that related it to blood types; doctors would base the medicine given based on the humors melancholy: despair; elk — proud but can be sad and greedy; too much black bile choleric: pride and anger; cat — yellow bile; deceit, pleghm: laziness and gluttony — ox sanguine: active and sensuous; rabbit — red blood; quick and prone to reproduction (funny) Durer refers to these humors in the Garden of Eve to display balance in the Garden Germany at the time was the Holy Roman Empire Humors: fluids in the body that affect personalities
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Bernini Apollo and Daphne Baroque ## Footnote Paragone: poetry, painting and sculpture A comparison or debate in which one form of art is championed as superior to the others. This theoretical comparison begins in the Italian Renaissance. It is primarily between: Painting & Poetry Painting & Sculpture Ancient & Modern Painting: narrative, textures, atmosphere Sculpture: solidity, 3 dimensional, tactility, durability Age 16:sculpted Darling of papacy St. peters Debates of which reign superior Apollo - daphne 1622-25 For borgeze Villa of collection of works of art Aspects of love, poetry Intellectural of art Knew it would be placed around other works of art Ovid metamorphical Methamorph into somethingn Apollo teases cupid because he acts like a hunter Cupid hits him with a golden arrow and he falls in love with daphne Daphne shot with silver arrow - dislike Apollo has a desire of touch and daphne asked her river father god to transform - larval tree - poem Tried to taste it, was bitter Can walk around sculpture Narrative Counter reformation - conseal genitalia Same features appolo voraderle Emotions/animated almost introducing sound Several tools Bow drill drill effect Finished surface Challenged painting/poetry
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Bernini Cornaro Chapel Baroque Bernini Ecstasy of St. Theresa Baroque ## Footnote Bell composo Takes a chapel Ecstasy of st. teresa Cornaochapel Transverberated had many visions Mystical saint Story: sunburst in the sky Order of barefoot nuns Reference to the last supper Gilded bronze with lapis lasili Stain glass window Enhance with raised bronze Above- holy spirit Around window Sculptured trade of stuco Include commissioned family in a theatrical style Marble for fabric and pillow
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Caravaggio Boy with a Basket of Fruit Baroque ## Footnote Young Flesh pink peach color Pose tilted head Fruit fertility, aphrodisiac adam and eve Spotlight with mirror reflector
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Caravaggio Calling of St. Matthew Baroque ## Footnote Commissioned by Cardinal Matteo Contarelli San Luigi ai Francesi (French Church dedicated to conversion) Dark tavern square Sword same costume light shown on him = divinity Dirty/not clear Point like adam not god 2nd adam Chiavoscuro - strong contrast between light and dark Tenebrism: objects mapped in shadow with only a few illuminated Tiberro cerasi treasurer general under pupe Painting wround another painting that’s more borque
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Caravaggio Conversion of St. Paul Baroque ## Footnote Commissioned by Cardinal Matteo Contarelli San Luigi ai Francesi (French Church dedicated to conversion) Horse Vision Blinded by light of jesus Forseveral days Animal in center Tension of horse stepping on paul Saint on the floor
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Velázquez Water Carrier of Seville Baroque lifelike / realism comment on social classes detail individualized idealization reflective image illusion/texture convoy shape it way light hits it still-life images shows skill worn out clothes put cloan??? diginity older man - wisdom contrast to innocent boy work king philip IV protraits of family scene of treatise
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Velázquez Las Meninas Baroque reflection of king and queen representation large, close to life size look like you're in the room dimension bright than darker end looks continuing in space artist - paint brush, add cross letter, knightly status king and queen, reflected facing them, painting for the king, viewer, placed in his study princess to be maids trying to paint infanta and entourage dward, companion hand maiden 2nd child (playmate/sibling?) patron of arts frae art/life frame, perspective vision framed, representation drawing attention by adding other works of art history of barrachas enjoyment of wine want to raise status up, not down play his role as craftman arbartian?? created a window northern form of art camer obscure w/n the world direct reflection snapshot framed image not constructing sharp lines - curve angels of body paintery
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Velázquez Venus and Cupid Baroque ## Footnote Venus looking in the mirror: goddess of love with Cupid in a bedroom - Pose: erotic suggestions with nudity, titillation of the back view, mirror- but seeing no face - Color: reds: passion, bedroom setting and wealth blues: drapery frames her back white: skin but also purity? - History: one of the only female nudes produced in Spain, which is related to the country's strong morals during the Counter-Reformation. The painting was slashed 8 times by a protestor who was arguing for women's rights. She did this to "damage" the most beautiful woman in the world in protest of a feminist's arrest
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Rubens Consequences of War Baroque
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Rembrandt The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp Baroque ## Footnote militias hung in guild meeting houses run by ghilds in amsterdam groups painted surgeon shows practice around dead body diagonal ressional line - ruben in mid speech - mouth not wide open contrast of living and dead not big on landscape emphasis on hand - represent working with their hands and that rembrant works with his hands
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Rembrandt The Return of the Prodigal Son Baroque father gives 2 sons money 1 saves money and supported family 1 spends all of it and became poor father accepts his son back shown thorugh hands/ touch shows acceptance most light falls on son from old testament characters from bible but not glorified human characteristic roughtness to surface muddles paintery brother withdrawn
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altarpiece
Eucharist (Mass): from Greek meaning "thanksgiving"; the liturgical commemoration of Christ's birth, death, and resurrection Transubstantiation: bread and wine are transformed in substance to the actual sacrificial body and blood of Christ At the elevation, the altar is flooded with divine presence, conjoining the terrestrial liturgy with the perpetual celestial liturgy