Final Paintings Flashcards

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Watteau, Pilgrimage to Cythera, Rococo, c. 1716

Fete galante: Watteau invented this genre of images; scenes

of bucolic and idyllic charm, suffused with theatricality

Group of dedicated to venus

Fantasy, imaginative

Outside of reality

Element of fantasy and transportation

Cupid/puti

Couples

Fantasy

Red fabric

Rocol boat??

Green - fertility exceed boundaries

Lush landscape

Fullness

Pink - popular pastel

Eye to roses - statue of venus

Blue

Gold

Aesthetic beauty of landscape

Size and figures vs landscape size

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Fragonard
The Swing
Rococo

Request from wealthy aristocrat

of mistress

Cupds - “shh” figure as if a secret

Scandalous/ teasing play of seeing above ankles

Teasing patron below can see

Enclosed

Rat at the bottom with mouth open - covers with cupid???

(or dog - can also show that woman on swing is a stranger)

Diagonal

Eyes moving like the swing

Pink - sweetness, love

Cupid on top of beehive

Sting of bee/like cupid

Queen bee

Birds and bees

Mystical mist haze dreamlike

Transported into a place

Ray of light in dense place

Bolle???/tree branch

Shot by lightening

Like falling in love

Light vs dark

Cupid shhing

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Chardin
Monkey as a Painter
Academic Art

Chardin

-money as a painter

Makes fun of painters replicating a replication of a famous artwork

1740

Satire

Imitation of former works of art

Not inventors

Honor learn from books

History

Plaster

Make money

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4
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David
Oath of the Horatii
Neoclassicism

Commissioned by Louis XVI

Battle between Rome and Alba, representatives of three sons from two

prominent families; virtue for the state

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5
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David
Death of Marat
Neoclassicism

Radical pamphleteer of the Revolution, sparked 1792 riots that killed

hundreds of people; he was assasinated by Charlotte Corday d’ Amont.

Painting: martyr of the Revolution

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6
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David
Napoleon Crossing the Alps
Neoclassicism

Painting of Napoleon; Napoleon never actually posed for painting so David used his

son instead; horse is depicted to look crazy - fantastical, to heighten the story that

represented in painting; major leaders began hav ing equestrian portraits;

composition of painting is on a diagonal, horse, napoleon, the mountains; cape is

used to make Napoleon look larger

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7
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Ingres
Napoleon on the Throne
Neoclassicism

Ideal clarity - emulated renaissance

With precise drawing, formal idealization, classical composition

And graceful lyricism

His work is devoid of emotion

Mantel - venus wars in bottecelli

Solvantry leadership

Red velvet and fur

Expensive color and silkepacked together

Luxury

Napoleon of the thrones 1806

Gold embroidery with thread

Sunbursts glory image bernini

Staff/septre

Controls church and state

Half circle perfection and divinity

Reef / crown

Collar

-raphael

Lots of gold realistic texture

Satin

Lush velvet

Gold, fur

Dome with pigmenation

Light and shadown

Geometry concious

Eagle - symbol of jupiter

Idealized - not indication of ages——–?

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8
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Ingres
Grand Odalisque
Neoclassicism

Recline in bed

realsque painter like

Harem

Sultans - no one can come in

Fascination with unknown

Awkard leg crossing (statisons)??

Lush bedding

Blue satin with embroidery

Cabuks place opium and smoke

Sonnet of women art and ideas

Flowers of evil

3 ini 1

Burning incense

Sultery mood

Smooth soft skin

Lay around with smoking opium

Elongation of body abstract

  • curves not sharp
  • if standing, body looks awkard

Oribque other???

Romantic

Freedom

Spiritual

Imagination > reasoning

Pain, exotic, drugs, art itself

Complex composition, contrast of light and darkness

Disegno - drawing and colorito - color and sensualness of it

The orient

  • countries under islamic rule / muslim
  • morocco
  • napoleon put under seige???
  • opium

– 60 to 50 years legal

New form of sensuality

French army in process of fighting spain and italian want to rule lower half of europe

French council republic

King of italian

Emperor of france

Ruling an empire

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9
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Delacroix
Women of Algiers
Romanticism

More realism

Closer to treegreds???

Larger dark hair - realistic not western ideal

Setting

Causual, 4 women

Domestic servant

Women - friendship commutal bond

Can see brush strokes

*** Kim’s notes

Delacroix did paintings of the east - introducing the new fascination for things in the

east in 19th century Europe; France’s area of connection was Morocco, traded fabric

and opium; a large sense of sensuality and pleasure was presented in paintings of

the east; painting depicts women inside a harem smoking opium - theme of

painting again is on pleasure in women and smoking; probably odalisques -

presented in a different way than normal - looks to be enjoying themselves rather

than being enjoyment for others

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10
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Goya
Saturn Devouring His Children
Romanticism

found in his own house
described as romantic
chiaroscuro - contrast between light and darkness

dark night scene but a beaming ray of light shines on figures

tenebrism - figures are enveloped in darkness and are kind of hard to see

possible to have chiaroscuro without tenebrism

romanticism: strike fear, explore extreme states of ecstasy, horror, violence

expressive body
dark palette
violence

theme - direct opposite of the kind in The Parasol
passage between paint and blood - paint drips into blood…
Saturn has an extreme madden state seen in his face - entirety of white in his eyes
distorted forms, gestures, expression

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11
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Goya
The Third of May, 1808
Romanticism

creates a new type of history painting

generally history paintings have focused on the heroism of the conqueror — the triumphs of the winner

Goya focuses on the violence of war and the vulnerability of those that are being conquered

focuses on gesture - clearly relating story to viewer

about death and injustice - can be seen in facial expressions
to immortalize the event of war - show violence of war
figure about to die resembles Christ on the cross
white shirt directs your attention to figure
unable to see faces of soldiers about to kill the figure
everything is focused on the reactions and emotions in the defeated
uses chiaroscuro effect

day scene vs. night scene between 2nd of May and 3rd of May
night time effect adds mystery and heightened emotions

Goya shows action and time through individuals waiting in line, grasping faces and dead bodies underneath central individual

passage of time — 3 part story - waiting in line: fear, about to die: anger - central figure in process of dying, bodies of already dead

compositionally puts hill behind figures to feel as though there is no escape
image of Spanish town in background historically sets the scene
looseness of brushwork
a lot of changes between 2nd of May and this painting

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12
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Thomas Cole
The Oxbow
American Landscape

Sublime: grand beauty that

inspires admiration and awe in

a way similar to divinity

National hero

Unique form

Contrast of wilderness and maintained nature

Storm vs sunlight

Lush green vs yellow/dead grass landscape

Clear cutting of landscape

Smoke, from houses

burning wood

crops growing

Plots

Identity of America

America the beautiful

Idea of nature

Before West has been settle

Untouched

History and stability

Mystical

Paint of oil in tubes

Made painting portable

Making landscape painting possible

Development of Railroad

Ability to move around to different place

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13
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Albert Bierstadt
Mountain Brook
American Landscape

based on discussion

Picturesque:

a pleasurable aesthetic mood

that a natural landscape

inspires, achieved through the

harmonization of opposite

elements; parts are unified

into the whole

Inspired by Romanticism, it is

also an emotional vista.

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14
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Albert Bierstadt
Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, CA
American Landscape

?????

Manifest Destiny: Belief that it was

America’s destiny, ordained by God,

to spread across the continent.

Without mythic cultural traditions,

America saw their vast and pristine

wilderness as central to their identity.

Believed that the principles of

freedom and the pursuit of

prosperity and happiness were to be

fulfilled by territorial expansion.

Gold discovered in CA in 1848.

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15
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Gustave Courbet
The Stone Breakers
Realism

Poor

Raised poor die poor

Patches

Threadbear clothes

Setting- rural, landscape

Working

No aesthetic landscape

Pot- carrying what they cook

Pose - painful bending

Twisted foot

Knee on hay

Diagonal

Framework

Making gravel

Government political policy that people no longer in proverty

Living middle class

Yellow ocher white lead earth brown

Romantique - different - not lush

Dry paint and applied thickly , roughness

Never ending cycle of proverty

Art style colors

Rougness like rembrant

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16
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Millet
The Gleaners
Realism

Scene from country side of the lowest jobs

Someone can get scraps of grain after harvest

Back breaking work

Difficulty of —–?

Narrative

Tension between touch - like MA

Back ground

Huge stacks of harvest

Unfairness - on this land

Vs not wealthy peoplpe

Why cnat they provide for these peoplpe

Male workers

Empathetic feelin

Not sharing wealth

Not just uses earthly colors

Blue and red used

Pleasing to the eye

Compared to courbet

Beauty in portrayal

Not as harsher mustard color

Landscape; horizon line vast and color

Contrast of sky and gree field

3 of the them isolated in the foreground

And mimick in landscape

Christian value morality aspects

Not morality

Not impline of virtue???

Virtuist portray

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17
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Bougeureau
Birth of Venus
Academic Art

Academic Nude

Addresses the spectator, sometimes

through the nude female’s gaze but

also through male figures in the

painting (here cupids).

Female: coy, candid, dreamy

offering of self

Body arranged at a distance, near

but far; it is also generalized,

abstract and feminine.

Hair: long and flowing as a symbol

of luxuriance

Curvaceous

Ideal nudity and beauty function like

clothing

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18
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Manet
Street Singer
Realism

Subject: a cabaret singer leaving a bar in the early morning

Model: Victorine Meurent, his favorite model

Women an available model for his pleasure

Everyday women/social – upper class

Looseness in brushwork

Unfinished edges of painting

Use of colorization

Thick contour lines

Was brushwork thin

Smooth blending of colors

Fumato effect not perfectiono of geometry

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19
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Manet
Luncheon on the Grass
Realism

Manet showed this painting in the first Salon des Refusés, a

salon of paintings rejected by the academic salon.

Breaking Rules:

Composition based on Raphael’s

Judgment of Paris, while the nude in

a landscape with dressed men is

derived from Giorgione’s Pastoral

Concert; however, the figures are

modern and French, not classical

Female nude causal conversation with men in public

Different clothing

Time difference

Compared to the renaissance one

Modernized one

Not as mythical fantasized

Arcahir scene

Females servinig men

Juxtapositions:

Contemporary dress poses of river gods

Saucy artist’s models nymphs or dryads

Undressed model idealized nude

Nude bather clothed men

Contemporary picnic Renaissance poses

Freshly observed nature stage-set landscape

Contemporary life history painting

Present past

Poses of rivergod

Nymph and dryads

Idealized nude

Clothed men

Renaissance poses

Stage-set landscape

History

Past

Not illusiono of reality

Not detail texture

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Manet
Olympia
Realism

Model - tiitians venus of urbino

Not to enhance the art of work

But too——

Maid another subject matter

Social issues

Black cat

Body not idealized

Angles

Sharper angles not smooth curves

Shorter not porportional

Shorter

Head up and hair up

Concious thinking

Name of famous prostitute - olympia

Not portrayal of venus

Modern day prostitute

Vertical line off

Pose of hand stopping not inviting

Not suttle light

Shadown suggest shadows

Flatness

Hangs in the salon next to jesus being nnoced???

Strong comments on paintinig

Salon filled with academic nude

Critiquewith strong language

Transvessing

21
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Claude Monet
Women in the Garden
Impressionism

8ft tall canvas 1867 summer

Submit to salon but rejected

Loose brushwork

Vibrant colors

No nude figures - concious rejection

Paint outside

Painted plein aire (outside) to caputre fleeting effects of light and atmosphere

Monet dug a trench to lowerr the canvas

Fashion’s role on ephermermeral and modern art

Painted between 12 to 3 pm

Waiting for the sun

Didn’t finish in studio – dramatic change in art

White - enjoys painting – reflects that shadows are not just black or brown

Dappled sunlight

Visual imppresion of flowerrs in the distant

Flat surface

Not perspectival like other painting

Concious of complementary colors

Balance in harmony

Enhance the colors

Beauty and nature

Same model - wife

Different poses

Warmth and coolness of shadows

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Claude Monet
Impression: Sunrise
Impressionism

Impressionist name comes from this painting

Exhibited at first impressionist exhibition

None of the artists submiting work to the official salon

Critic louis leroy seized the title of this painting of dubbed it

  • he was used to crisp and clean

Harmony and balance

Humans and stories

No clear boats

Water impression

Ephermeral

Not blended

Complementary colors

Yellow and orange

No humans - clear and defined – silhouette

Shifting phenomenon

Speed and spontaneity

No transition

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Degas
The Dance Class
Impressionism

Add color in costume

Introduced color

Mid-day light
Awareness of atmosphere

Motion

Feet walking downstairs

Looks spontaneous

Chronological progression

Cuts off staircase and dancers

Dancers
Legs must sensual part of dancers - 2nd arms
Composed of individual studies
Awkward poses - complex motions
Lighting of muscles diseno

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Degas
Little Dancer
Impressionism

Wax figure

Has a tutu papermace cureset

Silk ribbon

Copies made of bronze caste

Age 14

Series of drawing of her 17?

Model nude and in costume

Placed in exhibit with criminal trial case drawings of his

Said she was a rat, whore because they connected to the criminal case drawings

degrading

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Edgar Degas Absinthe Impressionism ## Footnote Café habituée: a woman drinking absinthe in the morning. Degas capturing a realistic picture of the melancholic life in the streets of Paris. Morning after the night life Effects of light Café habitus Spends time in nightlife Café drink at night coffee in the morning Hardly any wine for 3-4 years Grapes destroyed by weather Wormwood- plant abinesha Green fairy Associated with female body - naked Looseness Can mess some people up like van gogh
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Van Gogh Starry, Starry Night Post Impressionism ## Footnote Post Impressionism: painters working in the 1880s and 1890s who passed through an Impressionist phase but became dissatisfied with the limitations of the style and pursued directions to take it forward. For Van Gogh: Expressing Emotions in Brilliant Color Painting style: multi-directional dashes of impasto that create a palpable surface texture Created while Van Gogh was in the Asylum at St. Remy; Death to reach stars- contemplation on life and death; impasto: thick application of paint in expressive strokes; color as emotion
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Matisse The Joy of Life Fauvism Embraced nature of Impressionism and expressive color from Post- Impressionsim Brilliant, intense and arbitrary color Pure color used to establish optical experiences and to build new pictorial values References to past art: Titian, Michelangelo, and Ingres as well as African Art Sensuous subject= a new mythic paradise
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Kandinsky Improvisation 28 Abstraction ## Footnote The eye is more strongly attracted by the brighter colors, and still more by the brighter and warmer: vermilion attracts and pleases the eye as does flame, which men always regard covetously. Bright lemon yellow hurts the eye after a short time, as a high note on the trumpet hurts the ear. The eye becomes disturbed, cannot bear it any longer, and seeks depth and repose in blue or green.”
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Picasso Les Demoiselles d'Avignon Cubism ## Footnote depicts women in red light district; Picasso was didn't trust women - known for objectifying women; uses distortion and masks to cover human characteristics of women; wanted to make the viewer feel uneasy through the representation of women in a lower social class - prostitutes; their masks could also symbolize the act women had to put on to do tasks in prostitution; critics believed the painting resembled primitive cultures - or African cultures - Picasso denied no such thing; Picasso takes away all aspects of space bringing the subjects to the forward and out - also seen through negative space materialized;
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Georges Braque Houses at L'Estaque Cubism
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Picasso Girl with a Mandolin Cubism ## Footnote Picasso was one of the first to begin Cubism; painting works to recreate the female nude in geometric shapes - works consciously w shadows; uses spherical shapes to accentuate female parts; one of the first paintings to include print - also introduces a new period of art where text begin appearing in art
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Picasso Still Life with Chair Caning Cubism ## Footnote Collage - with mixed media; word jou inside artwork means play in French; work looks as if there is newspaper on it - French newspaper: journale; Picasso included a chair underneath the "table"; can so a lemon wedge and glass of water - makes table look used; breaks the objects apart in their portrayal
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Marcel Duchamp Fountain Dada ## Footnote "I threw the bottle rack and urinal in their faces as a challenge and now they admire them for their aesthetic beauty. " - Duchamp Urinal upside down From the RJ mot? Urinal company Making fun of them Take other urinals and put it upside down and send it to other galleries It's like throwing it in there face and they're gullible enough to think it's art
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Salvador Dalí The Persistence of Memory Surrealism ## Footnote Relates to the unconscious, psychological and poetry? Dreams and reality Melting clocks Time melting, stopping Eyelash, elastic plastic horse, skin melting Eye brows? Symbolic aspects of the anatomy Grotesque? Opposite of Dada (no emotion) changes reations Pocket watch with ants on it Clock has a fly Objects for food but not for metal He thought of it after seeing melting cheese during dinner Location and size makes it dreamlike Somewhat realistic Emptiness Piece of lumber Dead tree Minute objets Less than a foot in size- canvas Paranoia, fantastical, childhood?
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Salvador Dali The Sacrament of the Last Supper Surrealism ## Footnote Surreal and mystical Instiution of the ucrious Transfactuation Someone will betray hikm Doesn't show faces of apostles Anyone can be the apostles Modern outfits and hairstyles Mystical symbol of trinity Arms out : god or jesus Isolate bread and wine Boats coming out of jesus
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Max Beckmann Night New Realism ## Footnote "Art of War" period; Beckmann escapes Germany to the US and is persecuted bc of his art and heritage; painting depicts a scene of torture - looking back at the horrors of war - destroying soldiers, families; actually foreshadows what happens to his own family; use of distortion conveys violence; twist and exaggeration in man's arm that is hanging illustrates pain - hint of pink resembles Jesus' on the cross - stigmata; greens and yellows are used to illustrate the villains
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Otto Dix Der Krieg (The War) New Realism ## Footnote New Realism - also kind of a surrealist image; resembles a triptych that belongs on an altarpiece - entombment of the body is seen on the bottom, side panels show soldiers and Otto Dix himself as a savior, read from right to left; painting appropriates the older format to recognize the destruction of death in war; central panel shows a soldier in a gas mask - taking away the human face, there are no signs of life, but signs of death
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Hiter's Degenerate Art Exhibition of 1937 in Munich Rooms for blasphemous art, Jewish art, art that criticized German soldiers, art that offended German women, and "the insanity room"
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Picasso Guernica Cubism ## Footnote Created after the bombing of Guernica on April 26, 1937 by the Nazis on the order of the rebel General Franco. The first instance of a civilian population subjected to devastation of military air power- 7,000 killed 11 ft tall and 25.6 ft wide For the Spanish pavilion at Paris International Exposition Expressionistic Cubism: scene of terror and devastation Effective Aspects: - Women and Children- the innocent suffer - Fragmentation of cubism with expressionism and surrealism- Violence of WAR - Black and white- newsprint - Grief and pain- nightmare, daggers as tongues - Horror and devastation
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Jackson Pollock Lavender Mist Abstract Expressionism ## Footnote Pollock challenges the traditional aspects of paint - works on the ground instead of an easel - seen from Native American painting, uses unprimed, unstretched, and unframed canvas; uses industrial paint instead of art paint; use of black gives painting more of a pattern, white to accentuate; - drip painting title based on the color used on the ground- based on sand art not on canvasm stretched use industrial paint - like home dept buckets and industrial colors cream white and black layered process some paint is thinner broader strokers washed color- thinner black - more detailed and pattern then use white
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Roy Lichtenstein Hopeless Pop Art ## Footnote Lichtenstein impersonates style seen in comic book art; hand draws his paintings ; includes thought bubbles to directly convey emotion; thick black outlines delineate his forms; there is often a narrative of war and love; artifice - art that is taken from art - dots like in the comics replicate process of printing - like a machine bubble and thought process picks a climatic scene replicate - gestures, pose, expression flat primary narrtive: war and love artifice: art from art subjects: ads and comics copying readymade art warhol tried to copy it but not as successful
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Warhol Campbell's Soup Can: Tomato Pop Art represent artist as a machine food by machine personal connection everyday items like in grocery stores - lined up doesn't hang paintings conveyer belt like duchamp interest of the work only if you know the story behind it
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Warhol Marilyn Monroe Diptych Pop Art 2 weeks after her death women are objectified machine culture published and reprinted quality of repetition face visual put back into our mind by machines repritive some variation public property/ public mask erasing her identity via machine no shading bright colors/blk and wht
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Robert Smithson Spiral Jetty Environmental Art site specific atmospheric effects sun, time salt field materials from the area sand mote 1500 ft long can't but structure can pay to conserve challenging art out of market/ gallery into nature sculptural earlier, people looked for oil in the area and destroyed landscape spread awareness of man's affect on the environment dialectic of nature destructive/generation cyclical of nature body in the sprial shape dialectic: duet, 2 contrasting aspects repetitive shape in nature: shell, life cycle? depending on time of day and weather, changes in color because of algae and saltwater
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Christo and Jeanne-Claude Valley Curtain Environmental Art 400 meter long cloth stretched across a valley in rifle ???? game in the Rocky Mt?!?!?! use fabric to wrap something 1st started by wrapping a motocycle photos capture the object raise money via drawing/projects 400k different patrons 14,000 sq m of cloth thick textiles steel cables iron bars fixed in concrete 1st attempt torn immediately
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Leonardo da Vinci Last Supper High Renaissance
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Titian Venus of Urbino High Renaissance