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Bio 9 > Midterm 2021-2022 Homeostasis (Dean) > Flashcards

Midterm 2021-2022 Homeostasis (Dean) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

True or False:

An atom is smaller than an element.

A

False

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2
Q

True or False:

The nucleus of an atom is made from protons and electrons.

A

False

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3
Q

True or False:

Covalent bonds result from the sharing of electrons between atoms.

A

True

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4
Q

True or False:

Organic compounds are found in living things.

A

True

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5
Q

True or False:

Proteins are made out of amino acids.

A

True

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6
Q

True or False:

Proteins speed up chemical reactions.

A

True

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7
Q

True or False:

DNA (and RNA) is made out of nucleotides.

A

True

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8
Q

True or False:

A protein consists of one or more amino acid chains.

A

True

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9
Q

True or False:

Lipids include fats, oils, and sugars.

A

False

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10
Q

True or False:

Carbohydrates are the most common type of organic compound.

A

False

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11
Q

True or False:

Carbohydrates are made out of monosaccharides.

A

True

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12
Q

True or False:

A substance that forms as the result of a chemical reaction is called a reactant (input).

A

False

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13
Q

True or False:

Only some chemical reactions need energy to get started.

A

False

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14
Q

True or False:

During a chemical reaction, the quantity of an element may change.

A

False

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15
Q

True or False:

Activation energy is needed to start a chemical reaction.

A

True

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16
Q

True or False:

An enzyme speeds up the reaction by lowering the activation energy.

A

True

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17
Q

True or False:
In a chemical reaction, the number of atoms on one side of the arrow may differ from the number of atoms on the other side.

A

False

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18
Q

True or False:

Matter is always conserved.

A

True

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19
Q

True or False:

Glucose is a carbohydrate that stores chemical energy in a concentrated and stable form.

A

True

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20
Q

True or False:
ATP is the “energy currency” of the cell, so it makes sense that a molecule of ATP contains much more chemical energy than a molecule of glucose.

A

False

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21
Q

True or False:

Whereas photosynthesis occurs in only some organisms, cellular respiration occurs in the cells of all living things.

A

True

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22
Q

True or False:

Cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration.

A

True

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23
Q

True or False:

Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria.

A

True

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24
Q

True or False:

The Krebs cycle comes after glycolysis, during cellular respiration.

A

True

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25
Q

True or False:

Cellular respiration begins with the absorption of sunlight by the mitochondria photosystems.

A

False

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26
Q

True or False:

One molecule of glucose holds enough energy to produce up to 38 ATP.

A

True

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27
Q

True or False:

Whereas plants perform photosynthesis, plants and animals perform cellular respiration.

A

True

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28
Q

True or False:

Fermentation is the process of making ATP in the presence of oxygen.

A

False

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29
Q

True or False:

Anaerobic respiration lets organisms live in places where there is little or no oxygen.

A

True

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30
Q

True or False:

Alcoholic fermentation explains why bread dough rises.

A

True

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31
Q

True or False:

Alcoholic fermentation explains why your muscles are sure after intense exercise.

A

False

32
Q

True or False:

There are three types of fermentation: anaerobic, aerobic, and cellular.

A

False

33
Q

True or False:

Anaerobic respiration produces much more ATP than aerobic respiration.

A

False

34
Q

Water (H2O) is a(n)…

a. Element
b. Atom
c. Compound
d. Carbohydrate

A

c. Compound

35
Q

A process that changes some chemical substances into others is a…

a. Chemical bond
b. Chemical reaction
c. Chemical equation
d. Chemical formula

A

b. Chemical reaction

36
Q

The function of proteins can include…

a. Helping cells keep their shape
b. Helping destroy foreign substances
c. Speeding up biochemical reactions
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

37
Q

Which category of organic compound is the major component of cell membranes?

a. Carbohydrate
b. Lipid
c. Protein
d. Nucleic acid

A

b. Lipid

38
Q

The main element of organic compounds is…

a. Hydrogen
b. Oxygen
c. Nitrogen
d. Carbon

A

d. Carbon

39
Q

Activities of enzymes depend on…

a. pH
b. Temperature
c. Amount of substrate
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

40
Q

An enzyme is a _____.

a. Carbohydrate
b. Lipid
c. Protein
d. Nucleic acid

A

c. Protein

41
Q

Another name for a “biological catalyst” could be a(n)…

a. Enzyme
b. Reactant
c. Activator
d. Metabolism

A

a. Enzyme

42
Q

The correct order of stages in cellular respiration is…

a. Glycolysis → the Calvin cycle → electron transport
b. The light reactions → glycolysis → the Krebs cycle
c. Glycolysis → the Krebs cycle → electron transport
d. Electron transport → glycolysis → the Krebs cycle

A

c. Glycolysis → the Krebs cycle → electron transport

43
Q

Complete the sentence: Most living things use _____ to make _____ from glucose.

a. Oxygen, ATP
b. ATP, oxygen
c. Carbon dioxide, ATP
d. Oxygen, water

A

a. Oxygen, ATP

44
Q

Which of the following organisms can perform alcoholic fermentation?

(1) Yeast (2) humans, (3) bacteria
a. 1 only
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3

A

A. 1 only

45
Q

Fermentation involves which stages of cellular respiration?

(1) glycolysis (2) the Krebs cycle (3) electron transport
a. 1 only
b. 1 and 2
c. 2 and 3
d. All three stages

A

a. 1 only

46
Q

After intense activity, your muscles feel sore because of…

a. The accumulation of CO2
b. The accumulation of lactic acid
c. The accumulation of ATP
d. The accumulation of alcohol

A

b. The accumulation of lactic acid

47
Q

_______________________ is the monosaccharide used for energy by the cells of most organisms.

A

Glucose

48
Q

Matter is anything that takes up space and has _____________________________.

A

Mass

49
Q

During a chemical reaction, the ________________________ are used up to create the products.

A

Reactants

50
Q

All chemical reactions need ______________________ to get started.

A

Activation Energy

51
Q

__________________________ energy provides the push needed to start a chemical reaction.

A

Activation

52
Q

A chemical reaction involves the breaking and forming of ________________________.

A

Bonds

53
Q

Energy can be released during a chemical reaction in the form of ______________________ and light.

A

Heat

54
Q

A _________________________ reaction builds bigger molecules from smaller ones.

A

Dehydration synthesis

55
Q

___________________, water and energy are the products of cellular respiration.

A

CO₂

56
Q

_______________________________ is the process in which energy from glucose is transferred to ATP.

A

cellular respiration

57
Q

The chemical formula of glucose is ___________________________.

A

C₆H₁₂O₆

58
Q

The reactions of cellular respiration can be grouped into three stages: ____________________, the ____________________ cycle, and electron transport.

A

glycolysis, Krebs

59
Q

Cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen is called ______________________.

A

Anaerobic Respiration

60
Q

The last two stages of cellular respiration occur in the _____________________.

A

Mitochondria

61
Q

A way of making _________________________ without oxygen is called fermentation.

A

ATP

62
Q

Fermentation involves ______________________, but not the other two stages of cellular respiration.

A

Glycolysis

63
Q

In _____________________ fermentation, pyruvic acid changes to alcohol and carbon dioxide.

A

Alcoholic

64
Q

Aerobic respiration produces much more ____________________ than Anaerobic respiration.

A

ATP

65
Q

Most organisms use oxygen to make _______________________ from glucose.

A

ATP

66
Q

List three functions of organic compounds.

A

Organic compounds make up the cells and other structures of organisms and carry out life processes. Organic compounds also provide energy to the cells.

67
Q

Which two categories of organic compounds store energy? Which of these organic compounds is more common?

A
  1. Carbohydrates and Lipids

2. Carbohydrates

68
Q

Why is carbon considered the essential element of life?

A

Because of carbon’s ability to form stable bonds with many elements, including itself. This property allows carbon to form a huge variety of very large and complex molecules.

69
Q

Describe the main function for each of the four classes of organic compounds.

A
  1. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy.
  2. Proteins form structural components in the body, control the rate of cellular reactions, and regulate the different cell processes.
  3. Lipids are the main building blocks membranes in the cell, and they also function as energy storage.
  4. Nucleic Acids carry genetic information in the cell.
70
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms.

71
Q

How do enzymes work?

A

Enzymes help speed up chemical reactions in the human body. They bind to molecules and alter them in specific ways.

72
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The minimum energy that is needed to make the chemical reaction happen.

73
Q

How is energy used in a cell?

A
  • To drive metabolic reactions that would not occur automatically
  • To transport needed substances across membranes
  • To do mechanical work, such as moving muscles.
74
Q

What is fermentation?

A

Fermentation is the process of releasing energy from food molecules to produce energy (ATP), without oxygen present.

75
Q

Both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation begin with the same molecule. What is that molecule and where did it come from?

A

Pyruvate from glycolysis

76
Q

Why do your muscles get sore after intense activity?

A

Build up of lactic acid.

77
Q

Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and discuss the advantages of each.

A

Aerobic respiration produces far more ATP, but risks exposure to oxygen toxicity. Anaerobic respiration is less energy-efficient, but allows survival in habitats which lack oxygen.

Bio 9 (11 decks)

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