Finals 2022 : Chromosome Structure & Karyotyping Flashcards
Autosome Definition
any other chromosome besides the sex chromosomes.
Chromatin Definition
This resembles a ball of yarn and it’s hard to distinguish between different chromosomes in a picture of chromatin.
- During most of a cell’s life, the DNA exists in the form of chromatin.
Chromosome Definition
Chromosomes are highly organized and contain all the genetic information necessary to code for proteins. They are condensed, organized packages of DNA.
DNA Definition
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Stores all of the genetic information inside the cell.
Gene Definition
A sequence of DNA that contains the instructions to build a specific protein.
Genome Definition
The full set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA.
Karyotype Definition
A karyotype is a picture showing a cell’s chromosomes grouped together in pairs.
It shows the complete set (46) chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size.
Scientists use karyotypes to study the chromosomes in a cell.
Sex Chromosome Definition
Determine an individual’s biological sex.
XY = Male XX = Female
Chromosomal Disorder Definition
Any syndrome characterized by malformations or malfunctions in any of the body’s systems, and caused by abnormal chromosome number or constitution.
Gene Regulation Definition
The process of controlling which genes in a cell’s DNA are expressed.
Histone Definition
A type of protein found in chromosomes. Histones bind to DNA, help give chromosomes their shape, and help control the activity of genes.
Nucleosome Definition
The basic repeating subunit of chromatin packaged inside the cell’s nucleus.
Nucleus Definition
The membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes.
What information does a karyotype not provide?
Phenotypes
