#3 Unit Test 2021-2022 Term Definitions Flashcards
Activators Definition
A molecule that increases the activity of enzymes/protein which increases the production of a gene product in DNA transcription.
Amino Acid Definition
Special organic molecule used by living organisms to make proteins. (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen). They are formed from codons.
- Bonded together into long chains which fold into a three-dimensional shape.
- Every amino acid is made up of a foundational molecule, which is the same for all amino acids.
- There are 20 different “R” groups, resulting in 20 different amino acids.
- Amino acids are joined in long chains called polypeptides before they fold into their complex, 3-dimensional, functional shape.
Anticodon Definition
Three nucleotides that form a unit of genetic code in tRNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in mRNA.
Autosomes Definition
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Base Pairing Rule Definition
In DNA, cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine.
In RNA, cytosine pairs with guanine und adenine pairs with uracil.
Cell Cycle Definition
The process a cell goes through each time it divides.
Cell Cycle Control System Definition
proteins that watch over and control the progression and process of the cell through the cell cycle.
Centromere Definition
A wall in the Chromosome that divides the long leg and the small leg.
Checkpoints Definition
A stage in the cell cycle at which the cell examines and “decides” whether or not to move forward with the division of the cell.
Chromosome Definition
The structure found inside the nucleus of a cell. It’s made up of proteins and DNA organized into genes.
- Each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Chromatin Definition
- During most of a cell’s life, the DNA exists in chromatin form.
- This resembles a ball of yarn and it’s hard to distinguish between different chromosomes in a picture of chromatin.
Codon Definition
3 consecutive nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid or signals the start or end of gene translation.
Cyclin Definition
Regulate passage through the check points before S, G1 and the early events of mitosis.
Cytokinesis Definition
the division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, separating the cell into two daughter cells.
Daughter Cells Definition
Two identical cells that form when a cell divides.
