Midterm 2 - use this other is weird Flashcards
what is the self
no consistent def in the literature
anything beginning with self
inherently subjective
ABCs of the self
affect - self esteem, evaluation
behaviour - self regulation, control
cognitive - self concept, presentation
how do we know the self
some concepts are intrinsic while others are socially defined
-ie peer group, religion, stuff inherently important to you
information about the self comes from
ourselves
social environment
social comparisons
what is reflected self perceptions
what others think of us
linked to ToM
what is self awareness
cognitive - the act of thinking about ourselves
may be a continuum, non-western kids don’t all fully pass red dot test
self awareness study
rouge dot IV - socialized vs not socialized mirror vs no mirror DV - touches of face only the socialized group increased in touching when given a mirror
what does development of the self depend on
species (genes)
environment (culture)
theories as to how we know ourself
self perception theory
social comparison theory
motivation
explain social perception theory
when our attitudes / feelings are ambiguous, we infer them from our behaviour
we don’t always know how we feel, but we can observe how we act
ie what attitude would cause me to act this way
social comparison theory
we learn about our own abilities by comparing ourselves to other peoples (festinger 1954
choice of comparison (upwards or downwards, one is not necessarily better than another)
overjustification effect
occurs when an exteral incentive decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a behaviour or participate in an activity
why does the overjustification effect occur
people fixate too much on external insentives and not on the fun or enjoyment
motivations are not always clear cut
name and explain the four sources of self-motivation
self-improvement - desire to make oneself better
self-enhancement - desire to feel good about oneself
self-assessment - desire to seek info about oneself
self-verification - desire to have consistent info about oneself
define self-esteem
affective component of the self
consisting of a persons positive and negative self evaluations
how self esteem is measured
rosenberg self-esteem scale
explicit measure
not always diagnostic (most scores are pretty high)
instead look at the pattern of scores (4 lines on graph, always high, always low, then high an low, both with big variablity)
unstable self esteem = different approach needed, counselling etc
name the three self esteem theories we talked about in class
contingencies of self worth
sociometer theory
terror management (this one is a bit silly)
explain contingencies of self worth
self-esteem can be based on different factors
domain = sources of self-worth (support of family, academic competence etc)
multiple contingencies protect self-esteem
explain sociometer theory
self-esteem is an internal monitor of whether we are socially valued
-helps us achieve a need to belong
terror management theory of self esteem
acknowledging our own mortality causes anxiety
-self-esteem reduces this anxiety
is high self-esteem a good thing?
not always
probably high better than bad
californian school intervention to increase it -we need reliable ways to measure it
self control and challenging the self
behavioural component of the self
fixed vs growth mindset